Highly specific structural plasticity of inhibitory circuits in the adult neocortex.
Highly specific structural plasticity of inhibitory circuits in the adult neocortex.
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DOI：
10.1177/1073858413479824
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发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nedivi E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen JL;Nedivi E
众所周知，抑制性神经元在定义发育过程中关键期可塑性的窗口方面发挥着至关重要的作用，而且越来越明显的是，它们在成年期继续对经验依赖性皮层可塑性发挥强大的控制作用。最近的体内成像研究表明，抑制回路的长期可塑性在解剖水平上得到体现。感觉体验的变化以细胞类型和电路特异性的方式驱动抑制性中间神经元的结构重塑。抑制性突触的形成和消除可以在很大的空间和时间精度下发生，并且与同一神经元上的兴奋性突触变化局部协调。我们认为，抑制性突触动力学的特异性可能有助于差异性地调节树突乔木的活动，选择性地调整局部回路的部分，或潜在地区分不同局部回路中的活动。我们进一步回顾了证据，表明抑制回路结构变化指导兴奋/抑制平衡，同时通过赫布形式的可塑性实现功能重组。
Inhibitory neurons are known to play a vital role in defining the window for critical period plasticity during development, and it is increasingly apparent that they continue to exert powerful control over experience-dependent cortical plasticity in adulthood. Recent in vivo imaging studies demonstrate that long-term plasticity of inhibitory circuits is manifested at an anatomical level. Changes in sensory experience drive structural remodeling in inhibitory interneurons in a cell-type and circuit-specific manner. Inhibitory synapse formation and elimination can occur with a great deal of spatial and temporal precision and are locally coordinated with excitatory synaptic changes on the same neuron.We suggest that the specificity of inhibitory synapse dynamics may serve to differentially modulate activity across the dendritic arbor, to selectively tune parts of a local circuit, or potentially discriminate between activities in distinct local circuits. We further review evidence suggesting that inhibitory circuit structural changes instruct excitatory/inhibitory balance while enabling functional reorganization to occur through Hebbian forms of plasticity.