Pollen‐based quantitative reconstructions of Holocene regional vegetation cover (plant‐functional types and land‐cover types) in Europe suitable for climate modelling
Pollen‐based quantitative reconstructions of Holocene regional vegetation cover (plant‐functional types and land‐cover types) in Europe suitable for climate modelling
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.12737
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Anna-Kari Trondman;M. Gaillard;F. Mazier;S. Sugita;R. Fyfe;A. Nielsen;C. Twiddle;P. Barratt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anna-Kari Trondman;M. Gaillard;F. Mazier;S. Sugita;R. Fyfe;A. Nielsen;C. Twiddle;P. Barratt
我们在1° × 1°的空间尺度上对西北欧、阿尔卑斯山以北的西欧和东欧的区域植被覆盖进行了定量重建，其目标是在全新世的五个时间窗[大约6 k、3 k、0.5k、0.2k和0.05k日历年（bp）]内产生适合气候建模的植被描述。应用REVEALS模型对来自湖泊和沼泽的636个花粉记录进行重建，将25种植物分类群分为10种植物功能类型和3种土地覆盖类型[万年青树，夏季绿色（落叶）树和开阔地]。该模型通过使用花粉生产力估计和花粉下降速度，并通过应用简单但强大的花粉传播和沉积模型来纠正花粉百分比中的一些偏差。新出现的模式之间的树木迁移和砍伐6 k bp和现代的启示估计同意我们的一般理解的植被历史的花粉百分比的基础上，欧洲。然而，在3 K，0.5K和0.2K BP的人为砍伐森林（即耕地和牧场的覆盖）的程度显着高于推断花粉百分比。在欧洲的一些地区，特别是英国和爱尔兰，6公里的情况也是如此。此外，夏季绿色和万年青树木之间的关系，以及个别树木类群之间的差异显着时，表示为花粉百分比或披露估计的树木覆盖。例如，当松属植物在花粉百分比上优于云杉属植物时，云杉属植物在REVEALS估计中优于松属植物。这些差异在欧洲景观的重建以及土地覆盖-气候相互作用、生物多样性和人力资源的研究中发挥了重要作用。
We present quantitative reconstructions of regional vegetation cover in north‐western Europe, western Europe north of the Alps, and eastern Europe for five time windows in the Holocene [around 6k, 3k, 0.5k, 0.2k, and 0.05k calendar years before present (bp)] at a 1° × 1° spatial scale with the objective of producing vegetation descriptions suitable for climate modelling. The REVEALS model was applied on 636 pollen records from lakes and bogs to reconstruct the past cover of 25 plant taxa grouped into 10 plant‐functional types and three land‐cover types [evergreen trees, summer‐green (deciduous) trees, and open land]. The model corrects for some of the biases in pollen percentages by using pollen productivity estimates and fall speeds of pollen, and by applying simple but robust models of pollen dispersal and deposition. The emerging patterns of tree migration and deforestation between 6k bp and modern time in the REVEALS estimates agree with our general understanding of the vegetation history of Europe based on pollen percentages. However, the degree of anthropogenic deforestation (i.e. cover of cultivated and grazing land) at 3k, 0.5k, and 0.2k bp is significantly higher than deduced from pollen percentages. This is also the case at 6k in some parts of Europe, in particular Britain and Ireland. Furthermore, the relationship between summer‐green and evergreen trees, and between individual tree taxa, differs significantly when expressed as pollen percentages or as REVEALS estimates of tree cover. For instance, when Pinus is dominant over Picea as pollen percentages, Picea is dominant over Pinus as REVEALS estimates. These differences play a major role in the reconstruction of European landscapes and for the study of land cover–climate interactions, biodiversity and human resources.