Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Exponentially Emerging Imminent Threat of Visual Impairment and Irreversible Blindness.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Exponentially Emerging Imminent Threat of Visual Impairment and Irreversible Blindness.
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DOI：
10.7759/cureus.39624
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发表时间：
2023-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Siddiqui HF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaudhuri M;Hassan Y;Bakka Vemana PPS;Bellary Pattanashetty MS;Abdin ZU;Siddiqui HF
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是全球失明的一个重要原因。随着人口老龄化的指数增长，AMD是全球视力损害的第三大原因。新血管性AMD （nAMD；湿性AMD）和地理萎缩（GA，晚期干性AMD）是导致老年人视力恶化的晚期AMD。我们对文献的回顾描述了值得注意的危险因素包括吸烟、营养元素、心血管疾病和遗传标记，包括调节补体、脂质和血管生成途径的基因。一些研究表明，在过去的二十年中，由于新的诊断和治疗方式，AMD病例的比例相对下降。准确的诊断是临床检查和成像技术相结合的结果，包括视网膜摄影、血管造影和光学相干断层扫描。膳食中加入抗氧化剂补充剂，特别是叶黄素，可以减缓晚期疾病的进展。诱导血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）抑制剂治疗新血管性AMD，通常与其他方式联合，已显示出非常良好的预后。利用干细胞整合基因治疗和再生技术的研究正在进行中，以进一步减轻amd相关的发病率。建立AMD的筛查和治疗指南是当务之急，以减少未来的社会和经济负担，改善老年人日益下降的生活质量。
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant cause of blindness globally. With the exponential rise in the aging population, AMD is the third leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Neovascular AMD (nAMD; Wet AMD) and geographical atrophy (GA, late-stage dry AMD) are the advanced AMD accountable for substantial cases of visual deterioration among the elderly. Our review of the literature depicted that notable risk factors include cigarette smoking, nutritional elements, cardiovascular disorders, and genetic markers, including genes regulating complement, lipid, and angiogenic pathways. Some studies have suggested a relative decline in the proportion of AMD cases in the last two decades attributable to novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Accurate diagnosis is the result of a combination of clinical examination and imaging techniques, including retinal photography, angiography, and optical coherence tomography. The incorporation of dietary antioxidant supplements, explicitly lutein, slows the progression of the disease in advanced stages. The induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in the treatment of neovascular AMD, often combined with other modalities, has shown an immensely favorable prognosis. Research to integrate gene therapy and regenerative techniques using stem cells is underway to further mitigate AMD-associated morbidity. It is imperative to establish screening and therapeutic guidelines for AMD to curtail the future social and financial burden and improve the diminishing quality of life among the elderly.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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