What are the essential elements needed for the determination of amino acid requirements in humans?
What are the essential elements needed for the determination of amino acid requirements in humans?
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/134.6.1558s
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Stehle, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fürst, P;Stehle, P
这篇介绍性文章的目的是综述和批判性地评估用于评估氨基酸充分性的概念和方法，并对未来可能的研究方向进行假设。问题涉及的范围很广，因此本文将仅限于：1)氨基酸需要量的定义；2)评估氨基酸需要量的可用技术；3)对健康成年人的实际建议；4)影响需要量的因素；以及5)急慢性消耗性疾病的需要量。粮农组织/世卫组织专家委员会于2001年提出了健康成年人的氨基酸摄入量建议。它们还没有出版。影响氨基酸需要量的主要因素是发育阶段、繁殖状态、环境因素、饲料蛋白质的消化率、个体的基因和病理条件。值得注意的是，没有关于感染、损伤、创伤以及肾或肝衰竭引起的需求变化的确凿数据。因此，未来使用现代方法评估需求的研究必须得到高度重视。消耗性疾病与特定氨基酸的缺乏和失衡有关，会导致特定的需要量变化。因此，一种新的方法被用来根据其功能和生理特性将氨基酸归类为条件必需的。血浆氨基酸的动态测量可能有助于估计质量需求。测量组织细胞内游离氨基酸的缺乏或过剩是估计质量需求的另一种方法。在此基础上，给出了疾病过程中条件必需氨基酸的暂定值。
The aims of this introductory article are to survey and critically evaluate the concepts and approaches that have been used to assess amino acid adequacy and to hypothesize about possible future directions of research. The issue in question is extensive, consequently this article will be limited to: 1) definitions of amino acid requirements; 2) available techniques to assess amino acid requirements; 3) actual recommendations for healthy adults; 4) factors influencing requirements; and 5) requirements in acute and chronic wasting diseases. Recommendations for amino acid intakes for healthy adults were proposed by the FAO/WHO expert committee in 2001. They have not yet been published. The major factors affecting amino acid requirements are the stage of development, reproductive state, environmental factors, digestibility of dietary proteins, genotype of the individual, and pathological conditions. Remarkably, there are no conclusive data relative to changes in requirements induced by infection, injury, trauma, and renal or liver failure. Future research using modern methods to evaluate requirements must thus receive a high priority. Wasting diseases are associated with deficiencies and imbalances of particular amino acids causing specific changes in requirements. Consequently, a new approach has been used to categorize amino acids as conditionally indispensable according to their functional and physiological properties. Kinetic measurements of plasma amino acids might help to estimate qualitative requirements. Measurement of tissue intracellular free amino acid deficiencies or excesses is another method to estimate qualitative requirements. Based on these measurements tentative values for conditionally indispensable amino acids during disease are given in the article.