Half a century of "the nuclear matrix"
Half a century of "the nuclear matrix"
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DOI：
10.1091/mbc.11.3.799
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pederson, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pederson, T
1948年，俄罗斯研究人员首次描述了今天被称为“核基质”的细胞组分并获得专利。在1974年，这一部分被重新发现，并作为真核基因表达的基本组织原则而被推广。然而，令人信服的证据，这一功能作用的核矩阵一直难以捉摸，最近受到进一步的挑战。我们对内部核结构的非染色质成分（如果有的话）了解多少？是否有客观的理由（而不是毫不掩饰的蔑视）来质疑使用苛刻的核提取步骤和易降水条件的实验？体内核质的已知生物物理性质是否与在整个染色质间空间中存在广泛的树突状排列的纤维网络相一致？基因组本身在多大程度上可以为间期核中的四级结构提供信息？这些问题和最近的工作，承担的神秘性的核矩阵在这篇文章中解决。在真核细胞生物学中，基因表达在多大程度上依赖于非染色质核结构作为促进组织形式仍然是一个有趣但未解决的问题，并且相当多的怀疑继续围绕核基质部分作为体内情况的准确代表。
A cell fraction that would today be termed "the nuclear matrix" was first described and patented in 1948 by Russian investigators. in 1974 this fraction was rediscovered and promoted as a fundamental organizing principle of eukaryotic gene expression. Yet, convincing evidence for this functional role of the nuclear matrix has been elusive and has recently been further challenged. What do we really know about the nonchromatin elements (if any) of internal nuclear structure? Are there objective reasons (as opposed to thinly veiled disdain) to question experiments that use harsh nuclear extraction steps and precipitation-prone conditions? Are the known biophysical properties of the nucleoplasm in vivo consistent with the existence of an extensive network of anastomosing filaments coursing dendritically throughout the interchromatin space? To what extent may the genome itself contribute information for its own quarternary structure in the interphase nucleus? These questions and recent work that bears on the mystique of the nuclear matrix are addressed in this essay. The degree to which gene expression literally depends on nonchromatin nuclear structure as a facilitating organizational format remains an intriguing but unsolved issue in eukaryotic cell biology, and considerable skepticism continues to surround the nuclear matrix fraction as an accurate representation of the in vivo situation.