Enamel Hypoplasia and Childhood Stress in Prehistory: New Data from India and Southwest Asia
Enamel Hypoplasia and Childhood Stress in Prehistory: New Data from India and Southwest Asia
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史前时期的牙釉质发育不全和童年压力：来自印度和西南亚的新数据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Walimbe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Lukacs;G. C. Nelson;S. Walimbe
乳牙发育过程中牙釉质形成不足会导致牙釉质发育不全的缺陷。先前对 Inamgaon（印度马哈拉施特拉邦西部）史前遗址乳牙釉质发育不全 (DEH) 患病率的分析揭示了干旱加剧、半游牧生活与乳牙釉质缺陷患病率下降之间的关联 (Lukacs & Walimbe, 1998, 2000 a)。关于史前乳牙釉质发育不全的普遍性的许多问题仍未得到解答：初级犬齿局部发育不全（LHPC）的存在是否是 Inamgaon 独有的？或者这种发育缺陷是否常见于其他乔威文化遗址？如果是这样，来自 Jorwe 文化考古遗址的人类骨骼遗骸中 DEH 的患病率有何变化？ LHPC 患病率的变化对于了解史前儿童健康和营养有何影响？
乔威文化由印度西部德干高原上一组独特且分布广泛的早期农业定居点组成。由于将亚成人埋葬在瓮中的做法，乔威文化遗址的人类骨骼和牙齿遗骸中婴儿和儿童的比例异常高。本报告提供了印度四个地点 LHPC 流行率的新数据：两个大型村庄定居点——Daimabad 和 Nevasa，以及两个小型卫星农场——Kaothe 和 Walki。为了进行比较，我们提供了西南亚基什市中心的新数据集。在倾斜白炽灯下，借助 10 倍手持透镜，目视检查所有牙齿的牙釉质缺陷。牙釉质缺陷根据国际牙釉质联合会/牙釉质缺陷标准的建议进行分类（克拉克森，1989 年；国际牙釉质联合会，1982 年）。
早期 Jorwe 地点和 Kish 的 LHPC 牙齿计数患病率值证实了缺陷表达的典型特征：反异构体显示出较小且不显着的差异，而异构体则表现出较大且具有统计显着性的差异，下颌尖牙比上颌尖牙更容易受到影响。在早期 Jorwe 遗址中，LHPC 的总牙齿计数患病率范围为 22·2% 至 42·2%，个体计数患病率范围为 33·3% 至 47·4%。这些价值观与中度至重度压力的现代人类相似，这些人在营养和健康状况方面处于不利地位。我们推断，与铜器文化的乔威表达相关的史前人类生活在一个对生长和发育十分不利的环境中，以至于牙釉质的形成发生了破坏。
Deficient formation of enamel during the development of deciduous teeth results in defects known as enamel hypoplasia. Prior analysis of the prevalence of deciduous enamel hypoplasias (DEH) at the prehistoric site of Inamgaon (1400–700 bc, western Maharashtra, India) revealed an association between increasing aridity, semi-nomadic subsistence, and a decrease in prevalence of deciduous enamel defects (Lukacs & Walimbe, 1998, 2000 a). Many questions regarding the prevalence of deciduous enamel hypoplasia in prehistory remain unanswered: Is the presence of Localized Hypoplasia of Primary Canine (LHPC) teeth unique to Inamgaon? Or is this developmental defect typically found in other Jorwe culture sites? If so, how variable is the prevalence of DEH in human skeletal remains from Jorwe Culture archaeological sites? And, what are the implications of variation in LHPC prevalence for understanding childhood health and nutrition in prehistory?
The Jorwe Culture comprises a distinctive and widespread group of early farming settlements on the Deccan Plateau of western India. Due to the practice of burying sub-adults in urns, infants and children comprise an unusually large percentage of the human skeletal and dental remains from Jorwe Culture sites. This report presents new data on LHPC prevalence for four sites in India: two large village settlements—Daimabad and Nevasa, and two small satellite farmsteads—Kaothe and Walki. For comparison we include a new data set for the urban centre of Kish in Southwest Asia. All teeth were visually inspected for enamel defects under oblique incandescent light with the aid of a 10 power hand lens. Enamel defects were classified according to recommendations of the Federation Dentaire International/Dental Defects of Enamel standards (Clarkson, 1989; Federation Dentaire International, 1982).
Tooth count prevalence values for LHPC at Early Jorwe sites and at Kish confirm typical characteristics of defect expression: antimeres display small and non-significant differences, while isomeres exhibit large and statistically significant differences, with mandibular canines more frequently affected than maxillary canines. Among Early Jorwe sites total tooth count prevalences of LHPC range from 22·2% to 42·2%, and individual count prevalences range from 33·3% to 47·4%. These values have parallels among moderately to severely stressed modern humans that are characterized as disadvantaged in regard to their nutritional and health status. We infer that prehistoric people associated with the Jorwe expression of Chalcolithic culture lived in an environment that was sufficiently detrimental to growth and development that disruptions to enamel formation occurred.
下颌牙齿原发性犬齿发育不全的患病率。
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Silberman,SL;Trubman,A;Duncan,WK;Meydrech,EF
通讯作者：
Meydrech,EF