Compensation for land reform expropriation
Compensation for land reform expropriation
复制标题
土改征地补偿
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. V. Wyk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. V. Wyk
2016年6月，议会批准了2016年B4D1征用法案，并将其提交总统签署。该法案特别重要，因为它被视为放弃了1975年第63号《征用法》确定赔偿所依据的“自愿卖方自愿买方”原则。这实际上阻碍了南非的土地再分配。预计该法案将重振土地改革方案，根据《南非共和国宪法》第25（3）节，1996年征用补偿的裁定依据是，支付补偿的“数额”、“时间和方式”必须“公正和公平”，在顾及所有有关情况后，在公众利益与受影响人士的利益之间取得公平平衡，并列出了五种可能影响赔偿金额的“情况”或“因素”。1975年《征用法》中的赔偿条款与宪法中的赔偿条款显然不一致，使法院承担了解决这一问题的艰巨任务。这方面的判例仍在不断发展，尽管土地索赔法院最近做出了有价值的裁决，Msiza诉农村发展和土地改革部总干事，但仍存在许多不确定性。2016年征收法案B4D第12条是宪法第25条第（3）款的副本。鉴于法院在运用不同因素厘定补偿金额时，会遇到不明朗的情况，第12条并没有就不同因素的确切作用，以及这些因素的运用应如何进一步影响补偿金额，展开辩论。因此，有必要对2016年法案中的相关条款进行审查，以确定这些条款是否会影响赔偿，赔偿的“金额”，“时间和方式”是“公正和公平的”，特别是为了土地改革的目的。
During June 2016 parliament approved the Expropriation Bill B4D1 of 2016 and sent it for the president’s signature. The bill is particularly significant because it is seen as discarding the “willing-seller-willing-buyer” principle in terms of which compensation was determined under the Expropriation Act 63 of 1975. This effectively hindered land redistribution in South Africa. It is foreseen that the bill will reinvigorate the land reform programme. In terms of section 25(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 compensation for expropriation is awarded on the basis that the “amount”, and the “time and manner” of payment of compensation must be “just and equitable”, reflecting an equitable balance between the public interest and the interests of those affected having regard to all relevant circumstances, and listing five “circumstances” or “factors” that can influence the amount of compensation. The compensation provisions in the 1975 Expropriation Act and those in the constitution are clearly not aligned, setting the courts the difficult task of resolving the issue. Jurisprudence in this regard is still evolving and despite a recent and valuable decision of the land claims court, Msiza v Director-General, Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, many uncertainties remain. Clause 12 of the 2016 Expropriation Bill B4D is a replica of section 25(3) of the constitution. Given the uncertainties experienced by the courts in applying the different factors in the determination of the amount of compensation clause 12 does not take the debate around the precise role of the different factors and how their application should influence the amount of compensation any further. As a result an examination of the relevant provisions in the 2016 bill are necessary to ascertain whether these can affect compensation, the “amount”, “time and manner” of which are “just and equitable”, particularly for land reform purposes.