The modals of obligation/necessity in Canadian perspective
The modals of obligation/necessity in Canadian perspective
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加拿大视角下的义务/必要性模式
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alexandra D’Arcy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sali A. Tagliamonte;Alexandra D’Arcy
自古英语晚期和中古英语早期以来，英语的情态动词一直在发生变化。最近的研究表明最近出现了巨大的发展，特别是在美式英语方面。在本文中，我们重点关注义务/必要性的编码，其中涉及必须、必须、必须、必须和需要的分层。本次调查以（口语）英语方言语料库纵向研究项目为基础，研究了加拿大最大城市中心加拿大多伦多原住民 150 万单词语料库的数据。变异分析表明，这个社区的义务/必需品系统已经经历了几乎完全的专业化。此外，将这些结果与早期研究进行比较表明，底层系统的组织方式与其他地方不同。我们认为，虽然变化对形式的社会评价很敏感，但内部（语法）约束可能因主要品种而异。加拿大英语似乎处于变革的最前沿。
The modal verbs of English have been undergoing change since the Late Old English and Early Middle English periods. Recent research suggests dramatic recent developments, particularly in American English. In this paper, we focus on the encoding of obligation/necessity, which involves the layering of must, have (got) to, got to, and need to. Building on a longitudinal research program on (spoken) English dialect corpora, the present investigation examines data from a 1.5 million word corpus of the indigenous population of Toronto, Canada, the country’s largest urban centre. Variation analysis reveals that the system of obligation/necessity in this community has undergone nearly complete specialization to have to. Moreover, a comparison of these results with earlier studies suggests that the underlying system is organized differently than elsewhere. We argue that while change is sensitive to the social evaluation of forms, internal (grammatical) constraints may differ across major varieties. Canadian English appears to be on the forefront of change.