The scaling of green space coverage in European cities
The scaling of green space coverage in European cities
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2009.0010
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发表时间：
2009-06-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gaston, Kevin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuller, Richard A.;Gaston, Kevin J.
地球上大多数人居住在密集的社区，政策指令强调城市内的绿色区域，以改善城市生活的一些问题。城市绿色空间的惠益范围很广，从身心健康到社会凝聚力、提供生态系统服务和保护生物多样性。绿色空间覆盖率在城市之间差异很大，但人们对这种差异的相关性或地理分布知之甚少。这一点很重要，因为城市化正在加速，对绿色空间的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用标准化的主轴回归，探讨城市绿色空间覆盖率，城市面积和人口规模之间的关系，在386个欧洲城市。我们发现，绿色空间覆盖率的增长速度比城市地区，但下降只有微弱的人口密度的增加。因此，城市内的绿色空间供应主要与城市面积有关，而不是其服务的居民数量或简单的空间填充效应。因此，紧凑型城市（规模小、密度高）的人均绿色空间分配非常低。然而，在高水平的城市化，绿色空间网络是强大的进一步城市紧凑。随着城市的发展，人与自然之间的互动越来越依赖于正式绿色空间网络之外的景观质量，如街道种植，或后院和花园的大小、组成和管理。
Most people on the planet live in dense aggregations, and policy directives emphasize green areas within cities to ameliorate some of the problems of urban living. Benefits of urban green spaces range from physical and psychological health to social cohesion, ecosystem service provision and biodiversity conservation. Green space coverage differs enormously among cities, yet little is known about the correlates or geography of this variation. This is important because urbanization is accelerating and the consequences for green space are unclear. Here, we use standardized major axis regression to explore the relationships between urban green space coverage, city area and population size across 386 European cities. We show that green space coverage increases more rapidly than city area, yet declines only weakly as human population density increases. Thus, green space provision within a city is primarily related to city area rather than the number of inhabitants that it serves, or a simple space-filling effect. Thus, compact cities (small size and high density) show very low per capita green space allocation. However, at high levels of urbanicity, the green space network is robust to further city compaction. As cities grow, interactions between people and nature depend increasingly on landscape quality outside formal green space networks, such as street plantings, or the size, composition and management of backyards and gardens.