Campus Crime
Campus Crime
复制标题
校园犯罪
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Sloan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Sloan
尽管事实上，各种形式的越轨行为从一开始就存在于大学校园里，直到20世纪90年代和1990年联邦《学生知情权和校园安全法》的通过，美国的大学和学院才开始认真关注犯罪和受害情况（参见牛津犯罪学文献中的单独文章“犯罪的背景分析”和“学校犯罪和暴力”）。现在被称为克莱里法案，立法要求所有参与联邦财政援助计划的中学后机构每年公开报告他们的犯罪统计数据和安全政策。从奖学金的特点和动态的工作场所，社区和学校如何与犯罪和受害模式发生在他们的线索，奖学金在校园犯罪寻求自20世纪90年代以来，以确定和理解，理论和经验，如何在校园的物理大小和功能，以及位置，大小，学生群体的多样性与发生在他们身上的犯罪和受害模式有关。本文通过研究几个主题来讨论校园犯罪，包括早期的开创性工作以及与之相关的最近的奖学金。本文首先研究提供一般概述的社会，法律的，和校园犯罪的行政环境。然后，本文探讨了校园犯罪的理论观点，已被用来解释校园犯罪的模式和趋势。第三部分探讨校园犯罪常用的数据来源，然后讨论校园犯罪事件和类型。第五部分讨论了校园恐惧与感知受害风险。文章的第六部分介绍了校园警务与安全。最后一节，应对和预防校园犯罪，审查了在预防校园犯罪和应对措施，它在美国的学院和大学的努力。
Despite the fact that deviance in all its forms has existed on college and university campuses since their inception, criminological interest in colleges and universities in this country as contexts for crime and victimization did not begin in earnest until the 1990s and passage of the federal Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act of 1990 (see the separate Oxford Bibliographies in Criminology articles “Contextual Analysis of Crime” and “School Crime and Violence”). Now known as the Clery Act, the legislation requires that all postsecondary institutions participating in federal financial aid programs publicly report their crime statistics and security policies each year. Taking cues from scholarship on how the characteristics and dynamics of workplaces, neighborhoods, and schools relate to patterns of crime and victimization occurring in them, scholarship on campus crime has sought since the 1990s to identify and understand, theoretically and empirically, how variability in the dimensions of the campus—physical size and features as well as location, size, and diversity of the student body—are related to patterns of crime and victimization occurring on them. This article discusses campus crime by examining several topics, including early, groundbreaking work as well as more recent scholarship associated with them. The article begins with studies providing General Overviews of the social, legal, and administrative contexts of campus crime. The article then examines Theoretical Perspectives on Campus Crime that have been used to explain patterns and trends in campus crime. The third section examines commonly used Data Sources on campus crime, followed by a discussion of Campus Crime Incidents and Types. The fifth section discusses Fear and Perceived Risk of Victimization on Campus. The sixth section of the article describes Campus Policing and Security. The concluding section, Responding to and Preventing Campus Crime, examines efforts at preventing campus crime and responses to it by colleges and universities in the United States.