ON THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF THE ORGANISM'S RESISTANCE TO TUMOR GROWTH
ON THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF THE ORGANISM'S RESISTANCE TO TUMOR GROWTH
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机体抵抗肿瘤生长的心理生理机制
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb45445.x
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发表时间：
1966
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
K. P. Balitsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Kavetsky;N. M. Turkevich;K. P. Balitsky
近年来，关于恶性肿瘤发生的原因和条件的观念发生了相当大的变化。以前关于肿瘤生长的“自主性”的观点已经让位于承认癌症发生与整个生物体的功能状态之间的密切关系。根据机体保护反应的活性和肿瘤过程的恶性程度，母细胞瘤的生长可能会进展，导致机体死亡，也可能缓慢地进行，在某些情况下甚至可能倒退。基于实验研究和临床观察，生物的耐药性在恶性生长的发病机制中的意义是一个牢固确立的事实。毫无疑问，在肿瘤生长的复杂发病机制问题中，研究机体对肿瘤的抗性和敏感性问题是一项紧迫的任务。鉴于神经系统在机体中的整合作用，确定神经系统在恶性肿瘤发展中的作用是非常有趣的。精神因素在恶性肿瘤的发生和发展中起作用的观点并不是一个新的观点。关于神经系统的特殊性在癌症起源中的重要性的第一个迹象是在古代医学著作中发现的。因此，盖伦认为忧郁的女性比乐观的女性更容易患癌症。十九世纪的文献中出现了关于机体总体状态的重要性，特别是负面情绪在癌症发生中的作用的更明确的观点（Nunn, 1822; Walsche, 1846; Paget, 1870）。俄罗斯领先的临床医生指出，生物体的一般状态在恶性肿瘤的发展中具有重要意义，特别是精神创伤在肿瘤起源中的意义（Inozemtsev, 1845）；Pirogov, 1854;Velyaminov, 1915)。最近出现了一些证明心理因素在肿瘤发展中的作用的论文（LeShan & Worthington, 1956，以及Baltrusch & Anstarheim的调查，1963）。许多临床医生试图解释精神激动是如何导致癌症的发生的。有观点认为，神经系统紊乱会导致内分泌腺功能的改变和代谢紊乱（Velyaminov, 1915）。关于中枢神经系统高级分支在恶性肿瘤起源中的作用的实验研究，是在它成为可能之后才开始的。P.巴甫洛夫和他的合作者，在动物身上复制接近人类神经质状态的神经症。关于中枢神经系统高级分裂在恶性肿瘤发展中的作用的实验研究始于M. K. Petrova及其合作者（1945年，1946年）的著名实验，该实验表明狗的神经系统长期衰弱
Conceptions as to the causes and conditions of development of malignant tumors have undergone considerable changes in recent years. The previous views as to the “autonomy” of tumor growth have given way to the acknowledgment of a close relation between cancerogenesis and the functional state of the entire organism. Depending on the activity of the protective reactions of the organism and on the degree of malignancy of the tumorous process, blastomatous growth may either progress, leading to the death of the organism, or go on sluggishly, and in some cases may even regress. The significance of the resistance of the organism in the pathogenesis of malignant growth is a firmly established fact, based on experimental studies and corroborated by clinical observations. There is no doubt that in the complex problem of pathogenesis of tumor growth the study of problems of the resistance and susceptibility of the organism to cancer is an urgent task. In view of the integrating role of the nervous system in the organism, it is very interesting to ascertain the role of the nervous system in the development of malignant neoplasms. The idea that the psychic factor can play a role in the origin and development of malignant tumors is not a new one. The first indications as to the significance of the peculiarities of the nervous system in the origin of cancer are to be found in ancient works on medicine. Thus, Galen considered that melancholy women suffer from cancer more frequently than sanguine women. More definite opinions on the significance of the general state of the organism and, in particular, on the role of negative emotions in cancerogenesis appeared in the literature in the XIX century (Nunn, 1822; Walsche, 1 846; Paget, 1870). Leading Russian clinicians have pointed out the great significance of the general state of the organism in the development of malignant tumors, in particular, the significance of psychic trauma in the origin of tumors (Inozemtsev, 1845) ;. Pirogov, 1854; Velyaminov, 1915). There have recently appeared a number of papers demonstrating the role of the psychic factor in tumor development (LeShan & Worthington, 1956, and the survey of Baltrusch & Anstarheim, 1963). Many clinicians have attempted to explain the ways in which mental agitation can further the appearance of cancer. The view has been advanced that disorder of the nervous system causes changes in the function of the endocrinous glands and disturbs metabolism (Velyaminov, 1915). The experimental study of the role of the higher divisions of the central nervous system in the origin of malignant tumors began only after it became possible, owing to investigations carried out for many years by 1. P. Pavlov and his collaborators, to reproduce in animals neuroses approaching neurotic states in man. The beginning of the experimental study of the role of the higher divisions of the central nervous system in the development of malignant tumors was initiated by the well-known experiments by M. K. Petrova and her collaborators (1945, 1946), which showed that prolonged weakening of the nervous system in dogs