Extracellular Vesicles and Metastasis.
Extracellular Vesicles and Metastasis.
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a037275
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Shizhen Emily Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shizhen Emily Wang
细胞内容物通过细胞外囊泡（EV）（例如外来体和微囊泡）分泌是基本的细胞行为。与正常细胞相比，由于内在和外在（微环境）的改变，癌细胞分泌的EV的数量和组成不同。虽然EV最初被认为是去除不需要的细胞成分的一种手段，但最近的研究表明它们在通过货物运输介导细胞间相互作用中起着关键作用。在癌症中，EV可以在不同的癌细胞亚群之间以及肿瘤内外的癌症和正常细胞之间转移。通过调节细胞功能的各个方面，EV有助于肿瘤的异质性和可塑性、血管重塑、癌症生态位协同进化、免疫调节和转移前生态位的建立，所有这些都对转移过程很重要。EV介导机制的最新发现导致对癌症转移前后肿瘤和非肿瘤组织多方面变化的新理解，为新的治疗策略铺平了道路。
Secretion of cell contents through extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, is a fundamental cell behavior. Compared with their normal counterparts, cancer cells are different in the amount and composition of EVs they secrete as a result of intrinsic and extrinsic (microenvironmental) alterations. Although EVs were originally recognized as a means to remove undesired cell components, recent studies show their critical role in mediating intercellular interaction through cargo transport. In cancer, EVs can be transferred between different cancer cell subpopulations and between cancer and normal cells localized inside and outside of the tumor. By regulating various aspects of cellular functions, EVs contribute to tumor heterogeneity and plasticity, vascular remodeling, cancer-niche coevolution, immunomodulation, and establishment of premetastatic niche, all of which are important to the process of metastasis. Recent discoveries on EV-mediated mechanisms lead to a new understanding of the multifaceted changes in tumor and nontumor tissues before and after cancer metastasis, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.