From transparency to accountability of intelligent systems: Moving beyond aspirations

From transparency to accountability of intelligent systems: Moving beyond aspirations
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从智能系统的透明度到问责制:超越愿望

DOI:
10.1017/dap.2021.37
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Data & Policy
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Williams R
Williams R
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Williams R

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一些政府和非政府组织本着透明度、可解释性、可解释性和问责制等一系列令人向往的概念,为鼓励人工智能的发展做出了重大努力。然而,目前的困难在于,这些概念存在于一个相当抽象的层面上,而为了使它们具有所期望的切实效果,它们需要变得更加具体和具体。本文正是进行了这一具体化的过程,描绘了不同的概念如何相互联系,以及它们各自具体需要什么,以便从高层次的愿望转变为详细和可执行的要求。我们认为,这一进程中的关键概念是问责,因为除非一个实体能够被追究遵守其他概念的责任,事实上,更广泛地说,这些概念无法完成它们所需的工作。在文献中有各种关于问责制的分类。然而,每一种解释的核心似乎都是一种“可回答问题”的感觉,即需要解释或给出解释。正是这种追究一个实体责任的能力,为其他每一个概念提供了动力,并帮助我们理解它们各自必须要求什么。
A number of governmental and nongovernmental organizations have made significant efforts to encourage the development of artificial intelligence in line with a series of aspirational concepts such as transparency, interpretability, explainability, and accountability. The difficulty at present, however, is that these concepts exist at a fairly abstract level, whereas in order for them to have the tangible effects desired they need to become more concrete and specific. This article undertakes precisely this process of concretisation, mapping how the different concepts interrelate and what in particular they each require in order to move from being high-level aspirations to detailed and enforceable requirements. We argue that the key concept in this process is accountability, since unless an entity can be held accountable for compliance with the other concepts, and indeed more generally, those concepts cannot do the work required of them. There is a variety of taxonomies of accountability in the literature. However, at the core of each account appears to be a sense of “answerability”; a need to explain or to give an account. It is this ability to call an entity to account which provides the impetus for each of the other concepts and helps us to understand what they must each require.
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