Piwis and piwi-interacting RNAs in the epigenetics of cancer
Piwis and piwi-interacting RNAs in the epigenetics of cancer
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DOI：
10.1002/jcb.23363
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Matushansky, Igor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siddiqi, Sara;Matushansky, Igor
越来越多的证据表明，癌细胞在肿瘤发生过程中获得干细胞样表观遗传和信号特征，包括全局DNA低甲基化、基因特异性DNA高甲基化和小RNA失调。已知RNA是干细胞和分化细胞中的表观遗传调节因子。一类新的小RNA，称为piwi相互作用RNA（piRNA），通过DNA甲基化使转座子表观遗传沉默来维持基因组完整性，特别是在生殖系干细胞中。piRNA仅与Piwi家族蛋白质相互作用。已发现人Piwi直系同源物Hiwi在多种人类癌症中异常表达，并且在一些癌症中，其表达与不良临床预后相关。然而，很少有研究表明Piwi和piRNA可能在促成癌症的干细胞样表观遗传状态中发挥潜在作用。这篇综述将强调目前支持Piwi和piRNA在癌症表观遗传学中重要性的证据，并为Piwi和piRNA在肿瘤发生中的作用提供潜在模型。J.细胞。113：373380，2012. (C)2011 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
An increasing body of evidence suggests that cancer cells acquire stem-like epigenetic and signaling characteristics during the tumorigenic process, including global DNA hypo-methylation, gene-specific DNA hyper-methylation, and small RNA deregulation. RNAs have been known to be epigenetic regulators, both in stem cells and in differentiated cells. A novel class of small RNAs, called piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), maintains genome integrity by epigenetically silencing transposons via DNA methylation, especially in germline stem cells. piRNAs interact exclusively with the Piwi family of proteins. The human Piwi ortholog, Hiwi, has been found to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers and in some, its expression correlates with poor clinical prognosis. However, there has been little investigation into the potential role that Piwi and piRNAs might play in contributing to the stem-like epigenetic state of a cancer. This review will highlight the current evidence supporting the importance of Piwi and piRNAs in the epigenetics of cancer and provide a potential model for the role of Piwi and piRNAs in tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 373380, 2012. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.