Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon
Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon
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DOI：
10.1038/nature09392
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发表时间：
2010-10-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Dzurak, Andrew S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morello, Andrea;Pla, Jarryd J.;Dzurak, Andrew S.
用于微电子器件的硅晶体管的尺寸正在缩小到量子效应变得重要的水平（1）。虽然这对微处理器的进一步扩展提出了重大挑战，但它为基于自旋的量子计算机（2-4）和自旋电子器件（5）的形式提供了根本性创新的潜力。硅中的电子自旋可以表示具有长相干时间的良好隔离的量子比特（6），这是因为弱的自旋-轨道耦合（7）和从体晶体（8）消除核自旋的可能性。然而，控制硅中的单个电子已被证明具有挑战性，到目前为止，对单个自旋的观察和操纵是不可能的。在这里，我们报告的演示单次拍摄，时间分辨读出硅中的电子自旋。这已经在由耦合到金属氧化物-半导体单电子晶体管（10，11）的注入磷施主（9）组成的器件中进行-与当前微电子技术兼容。我们观察到在1.5特斯拉的磁场下，自旋寿命近似为6秒，并且实现了优于90%的自旋读出保真度。高保真单次硅自旋读出为开发新一代量子计算和自旋电子器件开辟了道路，该器件使用半导体行业中最重要的材料制造。
The size of silicon transistors used in microelectronic devices is shrinking to the level at which quantum effects become important(1). Although this presents a significant challenge for the further scaling of microprocessors, it provides the potential for radical innovations in the form of spin-based quantum computers(2-4) and spintronic devices(5). An electron spin in silicon can represent a well-isolated quantum bit with long coherence times(6) because of the weak spin-orbit coupling(7) and the possibility of eliminating nuclear spins from the bulk crystal(8). However, the control of single electrons in silicon has proved challenging, and so far the observation and manipulation of a single spin has been impossible. Here we report the demonstration of single-shot, time-resolved readout of an electron spin in silicon. This has been performed in a device consisting of implanted phosphorus donors(9) coupled to a metaloxide-semiconductor single-electron transistor(10,11)-compatible with current microelectronic technology. We observed a spin lifetime of similar to 6 seconds at a magnetic field of 1.5 tesla, and achieved a spin readout fidelity better than 90 per cent. High-fidelity single-shot spin readout in silicon opens the way to the development of a new generation of quantum computing and spintronic devices, built using the most important material in the semiconductor industry.