Farm characteristics and farmer perceptions associated with bovine tuberculosis incidents in areas of emerging endemic spread
Farm characteristics and farmer perceptions associated with bovine tuberculosis incidents in areas of emerging endemic spread
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.05.007
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Enticott, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broughan, J. M.;Maye, D.;Enticott, G.
虽然对高发区牛群中牛结核病（bTB）的风险因素了解很多，但在新出现的地方病地区，bTB传播的驱动因素还不太确定。流行病学分析和深入的社会研究查明了可能防止或鼓励疾病传播的自然和社会风险因素。这些调查采用病例对照研究设计，对最近（2006年或之后）成为bTB流行地区的农民进行调查。对113个最近发生过bTB事件的农场进行了电话调查，这些农场的官方无结核病状态已被撤销（OTFW）（病例），对224个没有bTB事件历史的对照农场进行了电话调查，并对地点、生产类型和地方性bTB传播率进行了匹配。向农民询问了一系列农场管理战略、农场特点、畜群健康、野生动物和生物安全措施，重点是农民的态度和行为，如农民对地方病的看法和控制感、开放性和社会凝聚力。在电话调查中产生的数据补充了现有的数据，并使用条件logistic回归分析。总体而言，牛群规模（OR 1.07）、在牛市场购买动物与在市场外购买动物相比（OR 2.6）、连续bTB事件的数量（2.30）和病例事件前2年内检测到的不确定反应者数量（OR 1.95）显著增加了bTB事件的几率。在过去12个月内，使用距离主要农场3.2公里以上的田间包裹的肉牛群和报告约翰氏病的奶牛群最近发生bTB事件的可能性分别为3.0倍和4.7倍。牛群报告玉米生长附近，但不是在他们的农场，不太可能是案件牛群。在病例分解前的两年内经营一个关闭的农场并没有降低bTB事件的几率。最近经历过bTB事件的农民更有可能在前一年实施獾生物安全，但不太可能比对照农场实施牛生物安全。与那些没有bTB病史的农民相比，病例农民明显不太可能受到政府，兽医或其他农民的影响。这表明，可能需要开发与最近崩溃的农民接触的替代方法。皇冠版权所有（C）2016由Elsevier B.V.出版。保留所有权利。
While much is known about the risk factors for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in herds located in high incidence areas, the drivers of bTB spread in areas of emerging endemicity are less well established. Epidemiological analysis and intensive social research identified natural and social risk factors that may prevent or encourage the spread of disease. These were investigated using a case-control study design to survey farmers in areas defined as recently having become endemic for bTB (from or after 2006). Telephone surveys were conducted for 113 farms with a recent history of a bTB incident where their officially tuberculosis free status had been withdrawn (OTFW) (cases) and 224 controls with no history of a bTB incident, matched on location, production type and the rate of endemic bTB spread. Farmers were questioned about a range of farm management strategies, farm characteristics, herd health, wildlife and biosecurity measures with a focus on farmer attitudes and behaviours such as farmers' perception of endemicity and feelings of control, openness and social cohesion. Data generated in the telephone surveys was supplemented with existing herd-level data and analysed using conditional logistic regression. Overall, herd size (OR 1.07), purchasing an animal at a cattle market compared to purchasing outside of markets (OR 2.6), the number of contiguous bTB incidents (2.30) and the number of inconclusive reactors detected in the 2 years prior to the case incident (OR 1.95) significantly increased the odds of a bTB incident. Beef herds using a field parcel more than 3.2 km away from the main farm and dairy herds reporting Johne's disease in the previous 12 months were 3.0 and 4.7 times more likely to have a recent history of a bTB incident, respectively. Beef herds reporting maize growing near, but not on, their farm were less likely to be case herds. Operating a closed farm in the two years prior to the case breakdown did not reduce the odds of a bTB incident. Farmers that had recently experienced a bTB incident were more likely to have implemented badger biosecurity in the previous year, but no more likely than control farms to have implemented cattle biosecurity. Case farmers felt significantly less likely to be influenced by government, vets or other farmers compared to those with no history of bTB. This suggests that alternative methods of engaging with farmers who have recently had a breakdown may need to be developed. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.