Refractory black carbon emissions in Old Delhi quantified using the eddy covariance method
Refractory black carbon emissions in Old Delhi quantified using the eddy covariance method
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使用涡流协方差法量化旧德里的难熔黑碳排放
DOI：
10.1002/essoar.10509877.1
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Allan J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Allan J
我们预测大气黑碳的程度和影响的能力取决于清单的准确性，众所周知，发展中国家的清单高度不确定。这是因为对工业和车辆的监管较少，私人使用质量较低的燃料和家用电器，以及缺乏活动数据。为了对发展中的特大城市的排放提供更好的约束，使用单粒子烟尘光度计(SP2)和涡流协方差方法测量了难燃黑碳的排放通量。这些是在一座专门建造的塔的顶部进行的，旁边还有一套其他气溶胶和气体通量的测量，这是NERC/牛顿基金“DelhiFlux”项目的一部分，该项目是空气污染与人类健康(APHH)德里计划的一部分。地点是位于旧德里的英迪拉·甘地德里女子技术大学(IGDTUW)的校园，那里的排放量被认为是该市经济欠发达地区的代表。统计上有意义的红血球质量通量在10-30 ng m-2 S-1左右被测量到，并且在早上最强。根据SP2 Lead Edge Only(LEO)方法，观察到的红细胞颗粒可以根据涂层厚度分为不同的类型，但与之前在伦敦和北京发表的观察不同，不能将明确的来源归因于不同的涂层类型。通过与NOx和AMS因式分解等其他衡量标准的比较，似乎该地区RBC排放的主要部门是运输，这与Safar的清单一致，尽管烹饪似乎也起到了作用。然而，测量到的排放量的大小和日分布与清单有很大不同，测量值低了50-60倍，并在当天早些时候达到峰值。
Our abilities to predict the extent and impacts of atmospheric black carbon depend on the accuracy of inventories, which are known to be highly uncertain in the developing world. This is because of less regulation of industry and vehicles, the private use of lower-quality fuels and appliances and a lack of data on activity. In order to provide better constraint on emissions from a developing megacity, the fluxes of refractory black carbon were measured using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) and the eddy covariance method, which is a relatively new technique. These were made on top of a purpose-built tower alongside a suite of other aerosol and gas flux measurements as part of the NERC/Newton Fund ‘DelhiFlux’ project, part of the Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) Delhi programme. The location was the campus of the Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women (IGDTUW) in Old Delhi, where emissions were deemed to be representative of the less economically developed areas of the city. Statistically significant rBC mass fluxes of around 10-30 ng m-2 s-1 were measured and these were strongest in the morning. The rBC particles observed could be categorised into distinct types according to their coating thicknesses according to the SP2 Leading Edge Only (LEO) method, however unlike previously published observations in London and Beijing, no clear sources could be attributed to the different coating types. Through comparisons with other measurements such as NOx and AMS factorisation, it appears that the main sector responsible for rBC emissions in the area is transport, which is consistent with the SAFAR inventory, although cooking also seemed to contribute. However, the magnitude and diurnal profile of the measured emissions differed significantly from the inventory, with the measurements being lower by a factor of 50-60 and peaking earlier in the day.