The ground effects of severe space weather
The ground effects of severe space weather
复制标题
恶劣太空天气的地面影响
DOI：
10.1093/astrogeo/aty194
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Beggan C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beggan C
实验室)在会上作了介绍性发言，围绕应对高影响、低概率(HILP)事件的政策反应，将一些棘手的问题编织在一起。尽管自卡林顿事件以来已经发生了几次大风暴，但由于缺乏对磁场的长期全球测量，因此很难将这场风暴置于背景中。这只是数字时代记录的更大版本的风暴，还是一种罕见的不同过程运行的超级风暴？虽然在卡灵顿风暴期间，有几个地点进行了测量，例如在印度的格林威治磁力天文台和阿里巴格(孟买附近)，但关于风暴的绝对规模及其动态结构仍然存在很大的不确定性。在英国政府的风险登记册上，恶劣的太空天气被认为是百年一遇的风险，其影响估计低于或与大雪相当。哈普古德还指出，尽管随着改进的技术取代旧的技术，一些风险正在减少，但可能会产生新的、可能更大的风险；他指出，自动驾驶汽车和卡车的导航存在潜在风险，尽管这将取决于它们需要如何连接(例如通过移动网络)以及它们在多大程度上依赖全球导航卫星系统进行导航。在某些情况下，可以设计出已知的漏洞，但在复杂的系统中，很难发现弱点，直到它们暴露在极端的环境因素中。
Laboratory) gave the introductory talk at the meeting, weaving together some vexed issues around policy response to high-impact low-probability (HILP) events. Although there have been a handful of large storms since the Carrington event, the lack of long-term global measurements of the magnetic field has made it difficult to place this storm in context. Was it just a larger version of storms recorded in the digital age, or a rare class of superstorm in which different processes operate? Though there are measurements from a few locations during the Carrington storm, such as at Greenwich magnetic observatory and Alibag (near Mumbai) in India, there remain large uncertainties as to the absolute size of the storm and its dynamic structure. Severe space weather is considered a 1-in-100-year risk on the UK government’s Risk Register, with its impact estimated to be below or on par with heavy snowstorms. Hapgood also pointed out that although some risks are diminishing as improved technology supersedes the old, new and potentially greater ones may be created; he cited the navigation of self-driving cars and lorries as potentially at risk, though this will depend on how connected they need to be (eg via mobile networks) and how heavily they rely on GNSS for navigation. In some instances, known vulnerabilities can be engineered out, but in complex systems it is difficult to detect weak points until they become exposed to extreme environmental factors.
DOI：
10.1016/j.asr.2005.12.021
发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
GREAT HISTORICAL GEOMAGNETIC STORM OF 1859: A MODERN LOOK
影响因子：
--
作者：
Green, James L.;Boardsen, Scott;Pazamickas, Katherine A.
通讯作者：
Pazamickas, Katherine A.