Relationships between ground reaction force impulse and kinematics of sprint-running acceleration
Relationships between ground reaction force impulse and kinematics of sprint-running acceleration
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DOI：
10.1123/jab.21.1.31
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
McNair, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunter, JP;Marshall, RN;McNair, P
文献中包含了一些关于短跑最有利的地面反作用力（GRF）以及如何实现的假设。本研究测试了这些假设与冲刺加速阶段的相关性，使用GRF脉冲作为感兴趣的GRF变量。36名运动员进行最大努力冲刺，并在16米处收集视频和GRF数据。GRF脉冲（相对于身体质量表示）与各种运动学测量之间的关系通过简单和多元线性回归和配对t检验进行了探讨。回归结果表明，相对推进冲量占短跑速度方差的57%。相对制动冲量仅占冲刺速度方差的57%。此外，速度较快的运动员往往只产生中等大小的相对垂直冲量。配对t检验显示，相对制动脉冲的大小越小，触地距离越小（p < 0.01），触地越主动（p < 0.001）。此外，较大的相对推进冲量与较高的站立肢体髋关节伸展速度相关（p < 0.05）。总之，实现高加速度很可能需要大的推进力。尽管速度更快的运动员产生更小的制动幅度的趋势较弱，但不能排除制动具有某些优势的可能性。还需要进一步的研究，以确定制动、推进和垂直脉冲是否可以通过特定的训练进行修改。这还将使您深入了解一个GRF组件的更改如何影响其他组件。
The literature contains some hypotheses regarding the most favorable ground reaction force (GRF) for sprint running and how it might be achieved. This study tested the relevance of these hypotheses to the acceleration phase of a sprint, using GRF impulse as the GRF variable of interest. Thirty-six athletes performed maximal-effort sprints from which video and GRF data were collected at the 16-m mark. Associations between GRF impulse (expressed relative to body mass) and various kinematic measures were explored with simple and multiple linear regressions and paired t-tests. The regression results showed that relative propulsive impulse accounted for 57% of variance in sprint velocity. Relative braking impulse accounted for only 57% of variance in sprint velocity. In addition, the faster athletes tended to produce only moderate magnitudes of relative vertical impulse. Paired t-tests revealed that lower magnitudes of relative braking impulse were associated with a smaller touchdown distance (p < 0.01) and a more active touchdown (p < 0.001). Also, greater magnitudes of relative propulsive impulse were associated with a high mean hip extension velocity of the stance limb (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it is likely that high magnitudes of propulsion are required to achieve high acceleration. Although there was a weak trend for faster athletes to produce lower magnitudes of braking, the possibility of braking having some advantages could not be ruled out. Further research is required to see if braking, propulsive, and vertical impulses can be modified with specific training. This will also provide insight into how a change in one GRF component might affect the others.