Parasitic plant-host interactions: Plant performance and indirect effects on parasite-feeding herbivores
Parasitic plant-host interactions: Plant performance and indirect effects on parasite-feeding herbivores
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/2265537
复制
发表时间：
1996-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Marvier, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marvier, MA
虽然寄生虫在塑造种群和群落动态方面的作用越来越受到重视，但研究人员在很大程度上忽视了寄生植物的生态学。寄生植物从寄主植物中获取水分、糖、氮化合物和多种次生代谢产物。在温室的研究中，我研究了直接的相互作用的寄生植物，Castilleja wightii（玄参科），与三种植物的主机和间接影响，这种寄生的性能上的寄生虫喂养的草食动物。三种寄主植物Lupinus arboreus、Artemisia pycnocephala和Eriophyllum staechadifolium对C. wightii花生产，虽然寄生生物量不受宿主物种。令人惊讶的是，寄生虫的性能是最弱的攻击豆科主机时，虽然寄生虫总氮是最高的豆科植物生长时。寄生虫也产生了强烈的直接影响主机性能：主机干质量呈负相关，寄生虫质量为所有三个主机测试。然而，这种效应在不同的宿主之间存在差异：对于E.在staechadifolium上，寄生虫质量越大，寄主和寄生虫的总生物量越小，而在其他两种寄主上，寄主-寄生虫的总质量与寄生虫质量无关。Staechadifolium比其他宿主物种更容易受到寄生虫的攻击。最后，寄主植物的化学成分对一种以C. wightii。蚜虫取食C. wightii的寄生菌。arboreus（产生物碱、高氮）、A. pycnocephala（不含生物碱，含氮量中等）和E. Staechadifolium（产生类萜，低氮）分别经历68.2%、65.3%和49.5%的存活。此外，蚜虫取食寄生虫使用L。arboreus和A.密头蚤的平均产卵量分别是E. Staechadifolium。我的研究结果表明，植物寄生虫和不同的寄主物种之间的相互作用，可以有很强的直接影响主机和寄生性能，以及显着的影响，植物寄主，寄生植物，其草食动物之间的三重营养相互作用。
While the role of parasites in shaping population and community dynamics has been increasingly appreciated, researchers have largely ignored the ecology of parasitic plants. Parasitic plants obtain water, sugar, nitrogen compounds, and a variety of secondary metabolites from their host plants. In a greenhouse study, I examined the direct interactions of a parasitic plant, Castilleja wightii (Scrophulariaceae), with three plant hosts and the indirect effects of this parasitism on the performance of a parasite-feeding herbivore. The three host species, Lupinus arboreus, Artemisia pycnocephala, and Eriophyllum staechadifolium, directly and differentially affected C. wightii flower production, although parasite biomass was not affected by host species. Surprisingly, parasite performance was weakest when attacking a leguminous host, although parasite total nitrogen was highest when growing on a legume. Parasites also exerted a strong direct effect on host performance: host dry mass was negatively correlated with parasite mass for all three host species tested. However, this effect differed among hosts: for E. staechadifolium, proportionately larger parasite mass was correlated with smaller overall biomass of the host and parasite combined, while for the other two hosts, overall host-parasite mass was not correlated with parasite mass, indicating that E. staechadifolium was more affected by parasite attack than were the other host species. Finally, host plant chemistry had strong indirect effects on the performance of an aphid, Nearctaphis kachena, that feeds on C. wightii. Aphids feeding on C. wightii that were parasitizing L. arboreus (alkaloid-producing, high nitrogen), A. pycnocephala (alkaloid-free, intermediate nitrogen), and E. staechadifolium (terpenoid-producing, low nitrogen) experienced 68.2, 65.3, and 49.5% survival, respectively. Further, aphids feeding on parasites using L. arboreus and A. pycnocephala produced 2.43 and 1.77 times more offspring on average than those feeding on parasites using E. staechadifolium. My results indicate that interactions between plant parasites and different host species can have strong direct effects on both host and parasite performance, as well as marked effects on the tritrophic interactions among plant hosts, parasitic plants, and their herbivores.