Search Engines for Children - Search User Interfaces and Information-Seeking Behaviour
Search Engines for Children - Search User Interfaces and Information-Seeking Behaviour
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儿童搜索引擎 - 搜索用户界面和信息查找行为
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Tatiana Gossen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tatiana Gossen
儿童是互联网上一个快速增长的用户群体。在不同的网上活动中，儿童使用网络搜索引擎收集与其个人兴趣和学校活动有关的信息。儿童的知识、认知能力和精细运动技能与成人不同。因此，他们在使用使用标准信息检索算法和成人搜索界面构建的搜索引擎时可能会遇到困难。为儿童提供特殊或有针对性的搜索引擎至关重要，以便更好地支持儿童完成搜索任务。因此，本论文的目标是设计适合儿童的搜索引擎，重点是搜索用户界面。然而，这并不是一件容易的事。儿童的能力不仅不同于成人的能力，而且儿童的能力变化也比较快。年轻用户的具体和动态变化的特征构成了巨大的挑战。为了应对这一挑战，首先，信息检索的年轻用户的具体分析。第二，开放的问题，确定在用户研究与儿童使用日志文件分析和眼动跟踪。儿童搜索引擎的用户界面设计中的概念挑战是基于自己和以前的用户研究结果以及人类发展理论得出的。第三，用户界面的搜索引擎，解决这些概念上的挑战的设计，原型实现和评估用户研究与儿童以下以用户为中心的设计。具体而言，所提出的搜索引擎的用户界面通过提供适应手段来解决用户的变化特征。此外，开发了一种新型的搜索结果可视化的儿童卡通风格的字符，考虑到儿童的视觉信息的偏好。在评估期间，这两种方法都得到了儿童的积极接受。孩子们将搜索用户界面原型的不同用户界面方面评为良好，例如，搜索用户界面对用户愿望的适应性以及搜索期间卡通风格人物的帮助性。最后，本论文提供了设计儿童搜寻引擎使用者介面的准则与指引。
Children are a fast growing user group on the Internet. Among different online activities, children use web search engines in order to gather information related to their personal interests and school activities. Children's knowledge, cognitive abilities and fine motor skills are different from those of adults. Therefore, they may experience difficulties with search engines that are built using standard information retrieval algorithms and search interfaces for adults. Special or targeted search engines for children are essential in order to better support children in their search tasks. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to design appropriate search engines for children with a focus on the search user interface. However, this is not an easy task to accomplish. Not only are children's abilities different from the abilities of adults, children also undergo relatively fast changes in their abilities. The specific and dynamically changing characteristics of young users pose a great challenge. In order to address this challenge, first, the specifics of information retrieval for young users are analysed. Second, open issues are identified in user studies with children using logfile analysis and eye-tracking. The conceptual challenges in the design of user interfaces regarding search engines for children are derived based on the findings of one's own and previous user studies as well as theories of human development. Third, user interfaces of search engines that address these conceptual challenges are designed, prototypically implemented and evaluated in user studies with children following a user-centered design. Specifically, the proposed user interfaces of the search engine address the changing characteristics of the users by providing a means of adaptation. Furthermore, a novel type of search result visualisation for children with cartoon style characters is developed which takes the children's preference for visual information into account. Both approaches were very positively received by children during evaluation. Children rated different user interface aspects of the search user interface prototypes as good, e.g., the adaptation of the search user interface towards user wishes and the helpfulness of the cartoon style characters during search. Finally, this thesis provides criteria and guidelines on how to design user interfaces of search engines for children.