Structural and functional studies revealed key mechanisms underlying elongation step of protein translation.
Structural and functional studies revealed key mechanisms underlying elongation step of protein translation.
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DOI：
10.1093/abbs/gmaa046
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ling Zhang;Ying-Hui Wang;Hong-miao Dai;Jie Zhou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ling Zhang;Ying-Hui Wang;Hong-miao Dai;Jie Zhou
核糖体是一个古老的和普遍保守的大分子机器，在所有生物体中合成蛋白质。自20世纪50年代中期电子显微镜发现核糖体以来，对核糖体的结构和功能的研究取得了迅速进展。作为一台合成多肽的机器，在一个称为延伸周期的阶段中，氨基酸顺序地添加到生长的多肽链中。这是蛋白质翻译的核心步骤，在细菌和真核生物之间高度保守。延伸循环涉及氨酰tRNA的密码子识别、催化肽键形成和最复杂的移位-易位操作。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了过去几十年来结构和功能研究的基本结果，这些研究导致了对翻译的三个关键问题的理解。
The ribosome is an ancient and universally conserved macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins in all organisms. Since the discovery of the ribosome by electron microscopy in the mid-1950s, rapid progress has been made in research on it, regarding its architecture and functions. As a machine that synthesizes polypeptides, the sequential addition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain occurs during a phase called the elongation cycle. This is the core step of protein translation and is highly conserved between bacteria and eukarya. The elongation cycle involves codon recognition by aminoacyl tRNAs, catalysis of peptide bond formation, and the most complex operation of translation-translocation. In this review, we discuss the fundamental results from structural and functional studies over the past decades that have led to understanding of the three key questions underlying translation.