Nekton populations, long-term wetland loss, and the effect of recent habitat restoration in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA
Nekton populations, long-term wetland loss, and the effect of recent habitat restoration in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA
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DOI：
10.3354/meps06945
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发表时间：
2007-08
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
L. Rozas;T. Minello;R. Zimmerman;P. Caldwell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Rozas;T. Minello;R. Zimmerman;P. Caldwell
我们使用 11 年（1982 年至 1992 年）内大约每月采集的 1984 个样本的数据，用 2.6 m 2 滴采样器来量化和比较美国德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿湾河口卡兰卡瓦湾互花米草沼泽边缘和邻近浅非植被底部 (SNB) 的游生物密度。我们还使用地理信息系统 (GIS)、航空摄影和种群模型来跟踪湿地面积的变化和渔业种群随时间的变化趋势。在我们的样本中，十足目甲壳类动物的种类比鱼类少（35 种对 60 种），但这个分类群占我们收集的动物的大部分（91%）。动物丰度的年度变化很大。大多数物种在春季或秋季达到丰度高峰，而在冬季则消失或密度较低。我们研究中所有丰富的十足目甲壳类动物和几种丰富的鱼类的平均密度在沼泽植被中明显高于在 SNB 上。根据我们的 GIS 分析，我们估计研究区域 61% 的湿地在 1982 年至 1995 年间转变为开放水域；沼泽边缘（海岸线 1 m 以内的沼泽）同期减少了 70%。我们的渔业模型显示，在此期间，随着湿地和沼泽边缘面积的减少，褐虾 Farfantepenaeus aztecus、白虾 Litopenaeus setiferus 和蓝蟹 Callinectes sapidus 的数量也大幅下降。 1999 年的沼泽梯田项目用沼泽取代了一些开放水域，我们的模型显示，这些渔业物种的数量因最近的恢复工作而反弹。
We used data from 1984 samples taken approximately monthly over 11 yr (1982 to 1992) with a 2.6 m 2 drop sampler to quantify and compare nekton densities in Spartina alterniflora marsh edge and over adjacent shallow nonvegetated bottom (SNB) in Carancahua Cove, Galveston Bay estuary, Texas, USA. We also used a Geographic Information System (GIS), aerial photography, and population models to track changes in wetland area and trends in fishery populations over time. Decapod crustaceans were less speciose than fishes (35 vs. 60 species) in our samples, but this taxo- nomic group accounted for most (91%) of the animals we collected. Annual variability in animal abundance was high. Most species peaked in abundance during spring or fall, and were absent or occurred at low densities during winter. Mean densities of all abundant decapod crustaceans and several abundant fishes in our study were significantly greater in marsh vegetation than over SNB. Based on our GIS analysis, we estimated that 61% of the wetlands in the study area were converted to open water between 1982 and 1995; marsh edge (marsh within 1 m of the shoreline) was reduced by 70% during the same period. Our fishery models showed that brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, and blue crab Callinectes sapidus populations also declined substantially during this period as the area of wetlands and marsh edge was reduced. A marsh-terracing project in 1999 replaced some open water with marsh, and our models show that populations of these fishery species rebounded in response to this recent restoration effort.