Viewing distance affects how the presence of inedible models influence the benefit of masquerade
Viewing distance affects how the presence of inedible models influence the benefit of masquerade
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DOI：
10.1007/s10682-013-9683-6
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Ruxton, Graeme D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Skelhorn, John;Ruxton, Graeme D.
伪装的猎物与在同一地点发现的不可食用的物体非常相似。这些动物通过让捕食者错误地将它们归类为看起来像是不可食用的“模型”来保护它们免受捕食者的伤害。我们最近证明，当伪装者与他们的模型分开观看时，捕食者更有可能将伪装的猎物错误分类为他们的模型，而不是与他们的模型的例子同时观看。以家雏鸡为捕食者，早期刺蛾(Selenia Dentaria)拟树枝毛虫为猎物，测试了模型和伪装者的相对方位、模型和伪装者同时观看的距离对这一效应的影响。我们没有发现定向的影响，但是随着模型和伪装者之间距离的增加，伪装者被同时观看的成本随着模型和伪装者之间的距离的增加而下降。这些结果从动物认知的角度进行了解释，以及它们对化妆舞会进化生态学的影响。
Masquerading prey closely resemble inedible objects found in the same locality. These animals gain protection from their predators by causing their predators to misclassify them as the inedible 'models' that they appear to resemble. We recently demonstrated that predators are more likely to misclassify masquerading prey as their models when masqueraders are viewed in isolation from their models than when they are viewed simultaneously with examples of their models. Using domestic chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) as predators and the twig-mimicking caterpillars of the Early Thorn Moth (Selenia dentaria) as prey, we tested whether this effect was influenced by the relative orientations of models and masqueraders; and the distance from which models and masqueraders could be viewed simultaneously. We found no effect of orientation, but that the cost to masqueraders of being viewed simultaneously with an example of the model declined as the distance between the model and masquerader increased. These results are interpreted in terms of animal cognition, and their implications for the evolutionary ecology of masquerade.