Inland human settlement in southern Arabia 55,000 years ago. New evidence from the Wadi Surdud Middle Paleolithic site complex, western Yemen
Inland human settlement in southern Arabia 55,000 years ago. New evidence from the Wadi Surdud Middle Paleolithic site complex, western Yemen
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.03.008
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Macchiarelli, Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delagnes, Anne;Tribolo, Chantal;Macchiarelli, Roberto
Shi'bat Dihya 1 (SD1) 发现了距今 55 ka 的旧石器时代中期人类密集居住地，这为了解现代人类据称从非洲扩张时阿拉伯半岛的作用提供了新的线索。 SD1 是旧石器时代中期遗址复合体的一部分，该遗址被苏尔杜德干河切割，并在连接也门高地和蒂哈马沿海平原的山麓冲积沉积盆地内分层。许多环境指标表明在 63 至 42 ka BP 之间的整个序列中干旱条件。石器工业致力于生产各种最终产品：刀片、尖刀片、尖薄片和具有未修饰的长切削刃的勒瓦卢瓦状薄片，由当地可用的流纹岩制成。偶尔开采其他当地原材料来满足独特的互补需求，凸显了该职业的多功能性。稍年轻的 Shi'bat Dihya 2 (SD2) 遗址的特点是薄片的制作不太精细，以及一些与 SD1 中发现的类似的元素（刀片和尖状薄片），这可能表明两个遗址之间存在文化连续性。 SD1 工具制造者的技术行为与来自阿拉伯南部、黎凡特、非洲之角和北非的许多几乎同时期的组合所记录的技术行为相似。然而，它们并不直接符合这些地区旧石器时代中期晚期或中石器时代晚期典型的任何技术综合体。这一时期见证了阿拉伯半岛当地旧石器时代中期传统的发展，这表明比现代人类走出非洲的当前模型通常推断的更复杂的定居动态和可能的人口相互作用。 (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The recovery at Shi'bat Dihya 1 (SD1) of a dense Middle Paleolithic human occupation dated to 55 ka BP sheds new light on the role of the Arabian Peninsula at the time of the alleged expansion of modern humans out of Africa. SD1 is part of a complex of Middle Paleolithic sites cut by the Wadi Surdud and interstratified within an alluvial sedimentary basin in the foothills that connect the Yemeni highlands with the Tihama coastal plain. A number of environmental proxies indicate arid conditions throughout a sequence that extends between 63 and 42 ka BP. The lithic industry is geared toward the production of a variety of end products: blades, pointed blades, pointed flakes and Levallois-like flakes with long unmodified cutting edges, made from locally available rhyolite. The occasional exploitation of other local raw materials, that fulfill distinct complementary needs, highlights the multi-functional nature of the occupation. The slightly younger Shi'bat Dihya 2 (SD2) site is characterized by a less elaborate production of flakes, together with some elements (blades and pointed flakes) similar to those found at SD1, and may indicate a cultural continuity between the two sites. The technological behaviors of the SD1 toolmakers present similarities with those documented from a number of nearly contemporaneous assemblages from southern Arabia, the Levant, the Horn of Africa and North Africa. However, they do not directly conform to any of the techno-complexes typical of the late Middle Paleolithic or late Middle Stone Age from these regions. This period would have witnessed the development of local Middle Paleolithic traditions in the Arabian Peninsula, which suggests more complex settlement dynamics and possible population interactions than commonly inferred by the current models of modern human expansion out of Africa. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.