Impact of nutrition on ageing and disease
Impact of nutrition on ageing and disease
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DOI：
10.1097/01.mco.0000171129.29278.26
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Bengmark, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bengmark, S
审查目的全球正在遭受慢性疾病海啸的影响，尤其影响老年人和免疫系统功能障碍的人。最佳健康和最佳衰老的基本原则是戒烟、适量饮酒、定期体育锻炼以及富含鱼类和植物、低浓缩热量、糖和乳制品的饮食。最新发现膳食供应和晚期糖基化终产物的产生会导致这些产物在组织中积累，并与血管内皮、神经系统、眼睛和其他重要器官的衰老密切相关。端粒不参与 DNA 修复，随着时间的推移，端粒仍然未修复且松散。随着年龄的增长，先天性和后天性免疫力会下降，维持低基础免疫活性（炎症程度）似乎对健康和长寿很重要：“容易出现炎症活性较弱的人可能会活得更长”。总结补充维生素对衰老/预防慢性疾病影响不大，但多酚等抗炎分子更有效，尤其是与减少卡路里浓缩食品的摄入量相结合时。益生菌抗衰老的作用还需要进一步探索。热量限制的效果在其他物种中被证明可以有效控制衰老和延长寿命，但在人类中尚未得到充分探索。
Purpose of reviewThe globe is suffering a tsunami of chronic diseases, affecting especially the elderly and those with a dysfunctioning immune system. The fundamental principles of optimal health and optimal ageing are abstaining from smoking, modest alcohol consumption, regular physical exercise and a diet rich in fish and plants and low in condensed calories, sugar and dairy products.Recent findingsDietary supply and production of advanced glycation end products leads to the accumulation of these products in the tissues and is strongly associated with ageing of the vascular endothelium, nervous system, eyes and other vital organs. Telomeres, which are not involved in DNA repair, remain unrepaired and loose with time. A decline in innate and acquired immunity is seen with increasing age and maintenance of low basal immune activity (degree of inflammation) seems important for health and longevity: 'people who are predisposed to weak inflammatory activity may live longer'.SummarySupplementation with vitamins has little effect on ageing/prevention of chronic diseases, but antiinflammatory molecules like polyphenols are more effective, especially when combined with reduced intake of calorie-condensed foods. The effect of probiotics on ageing needs further exploration. The effects of caloric restriction, proven effective in other species to control aging and prolong lifespan, have not been fully explored in humans.