Who determines the trade-offs between agricultural production and environmental quality? An evolutionary perspective from rural eastern China
Who determines the trade-offs between agricultural production and environmental quality? An evolutionary perspective from rural eastern China
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DOI：
10.1080/14735903.2019.1667141
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发表时间：
2019-09-20
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Yang, Xiangdong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dearing, John A.;Zhang, Ke;Yang, Xiangdong
本文以安徽省舒城县为例，考察了1950-2015年间政府政策、农业决策与生态系统服务三者之间相互作用的演化本质。对生态、社会和经济趋势的分析得到了对当地农民的采访的补充。自1980年开始实行家庭责任制以来，在供应服务水平的上升和监管服务水平的下降之间一直存在权衡，有证据表明，水质已经超过了关键门槛。使用生态系统服务提供框架，我们认为农民只是作为生态系统服务的提供者，并没有影响带来权衡的政策。在这段时间里，生态退化最好被描述为“爬行常态”的一个例子，即个体农民的累积常规行动在监管服务方面造成不可持续的损失。中国政府应该采取行动，通过估值和国家政策来平衡各种生态系统服务。在这方面，需要能够向农民提供以地方为基础的建议的机构，使他们能够在采取恢复性行动的同时保持生产力水平。即使有了新的政策，城市就业的吸引力、高昂的生产成本和老龄化的人口也威胁到了这些边缘农业区的农业生存能力。
We explore the evolutionary nature of interactions between government policy, farm decision-making and ecosystem services in Shucheng County, Anhui Province, 1950-2015. Analyses of ecological, social and economic trends are complemented by interviews with local farmers. Since the Household Responsibility System started in 1980, there has been a trade-off between rising levels of provisioning services and falling levels of regulating services with evidence that critical thresholds have been passed for water quality. Using a Framework for Ecosystem Service Provision, we argue that farmers have acted only as ecosystem service providers and have not influenced the policies that have brought about the trade-offs. Over the period, ecological degradation is best described as an example of 'creeping normalcy' where cumulative conventional actions by individual farmers produce unsustainable losses in regulating services. The Chinese government should act to balance the various ecosystem services through valuation and national policy. In this respect, there is a need for agencies that can provide place-based advice to farmers that will allow them to maintain productivity levels while pursuing restorative actions. Even with new policies, the draw of urban employment, high production costs and an ageing population threaten the viability of farming in these marginal agricultural areas.