Strong correlation of total phenotypic resistance of samples from household environments and the prevalence of class 1 integrons suggests for the use of the relative prevalence of intI1 as a screening tool for multi-resistance
Strong correlation of total phenotypic resistance of samples from household environments and the prevalence of class 1 integrons suggests for the use of the relative prevalence of intI1 as a screening tool for multi-resistance
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0218277
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发表时间：
2019-06-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bockmuehl, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lucassen, R.;Rehberg, L.;Bockmuehl, D.
全球卫生保健系统面临的最大挑战之一是越来越多的病原菌对越来越多的抗生素产生耐药性。在这方面，作为移动的遗传元件的一部分的1类整合子可以赋予几种表型，包括对广泛的抗生素类、重金属和杀生物剂的抗性。它们与常见的耐药基因有关，并同样渗透到致病菌和寄生菌中。因此，它的相对流行率可以作为抗生素耐药性和人为污染的代表。家庭环境是来自人类、动物和食物的细菌大量涌入的区域，并且经常使用杀生物剂和洗涤剂。在这项研究中，我们的目的是调查1类整合子在家庭环境中的相对患病率，与抗生素和苯扎氯铵耐药表型的样本点的数量，验证1类整合子的相对患病率作为多重耐药的筛选工具。调查了28户家庭的厨房水槽和浴室水槽U型管、洗碗机、洗衣机和牙刷。通过qPCR测定1类整合子整合酶基因和16 SrDNA基因的拷贝数/mL，并在氨苄青霉素选择性琼脂平板上分离各样品的细菌，然后测定菌种和表型耐药谱。计算了与16 SrDNA相关的1类整合子的相对患病率，并与表型耐药相关。我们的研究结果表明，1类整合子在家庭环境的水网系统，特别是淋浴U型弯管的相对流行率高。此外，1类整合子的患病率与样本点的总表型耐药率密切相关（r（s）= 0.95），表明确定1类整合子相对患病率的标准化检测可用作评估环境样品中多重耐药的有用筛选工具。
One of the biggest challenges of health care systems worldwide is the increasing number of pathogenic bacteria resistant to a growing number of antibiotics. In this respect, class 1 integrons which are part of mobile genetic elements can confer several phenotypes including resistance to a broad range of antibiotic classes, heavy metals and biocides. They are linked to common resistance genes and have penetrated pathogenic and commensal bacteria likewise. Therefore its relative prevalence can be a proxy for antimicrobial resistance and anthropogenic pollution. Household environments are areas with a high influx of bacteria from humans, animals and foods, and biocides and detergents are frequently used. In this study we aimed to investigate the relative prevalence of class 1 integrons in household environments, in relation to the number of antibiotic and benzalkonium chloride resistant phenotypes of a sample point, for the validation of the relative prevalence of class 1 integrons as a screening tool for multi-resistance. Kitchen sink and bathroom sink U-bends, dishwasher, washing machines and toothbrushes of 28 households were probed. Copies /mL of class 1 integron integrase gene and 16SrDNA gene were determined by qPCR and bacteria of the respective sample were isolated on ampicillin selective agar plates, followed by the determination of the species and phenotypic resistance profiles. The relative prevalence of class 1 integrons in relation to 16SrDNA was calculated and correlated to phenotypic resistance. Our findings show a high relative prevalence of class 1 integrons in water reticulation systems of household environments and in particular shower U-bends. Furthermore, prevalence of class 1 integrons correlates strongly (r(s) = 0.95) with total phenotypic resistance at a sample point and suggest that a standardized assay determining the relative prevalence of class 1 integrons could be used as a useful screening tool in the assessment of multi-resistance in environmental samples.