Insights Into the Complexity of Craniofacial Development From a Cellular Perspective.
Insights Into the Complexity of Craniofacial Development From a Cellular Perspective.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2020.620735
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Kaucka M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murillo-Rincón AP;Kaucka M
头部是身体最复杂的部分，也是脊椎动物身体结构的一个显著特征。这种复杂的结构是在胚胎发育的四维形态发生过程中组装起来的。头部将中枢和周围神经系统、感觉器官、肌肉、关节、腺体和其他特殊组织整合在形状复杂的头骨框架内。头部的前部被称为脸，脊椎动物种类之间广泛的面部形状使得不同的进食策略、交流方式和各种专门功能成为可能。面部形成在胚胎发育早期就开始了，是一个极其复杂的多步骤过程，受基因组、分子和细胞水平的调控。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论最近的发现，揭示了面部形态发生的新方面，从神经嵴细胞出现到软骨颅骨形成，个体面部形状的主要设计。我们将重点关注细胞命运规范的分子机制，个体和集体细胞迁移的作用，动态和连续的细胞相互作用的重要性，细胞和组织对产生的物理力的反应，以及它们的形态发生结果。最后，我们将研究信号中心的时空活动，这些信号中心密切调节诱导颅面骨骼元件形成的信号释放。这些中心的存在和增强子对它们的调控代表了核心的形态发生机制之一，可能为种内和种间面部变异奠定了基础。
The head represents the most complex part of the body and a distinctive feature of the vertebrate body plan. This intricate structure is assembled during embryonic development in the four-dimensional process of morphogenesis. The head integrates components of the central and peripheral nervous system, sensory organs, muscles, joints, glands, and other specialized tissues in the framework of a complexly shaped skull. The anterior part of the head is referred to as the face, and a broad spectrum of facial shapes across vertebrate species enables different feeding strategies, communication styles, and diverse specialized functions. The face formation starts early during embryonic development and is an enormously complex, multi-step process regulated on a genomic, molecular, and cellular level. In this review, we will discuss recent discoveries that revealed new aspects of facial morphogenesis from the time of the neural crest cell emergence till the formation of the chondrocranium, the primary design of the individual facial shape. We will focus on molecular mechanisms of cell fate specification, the role of individual and collective cell migration, the importance of dynamic and continuous cellular interactions, responses of cells and tissues to generated physical forces, and their morphogenetic outcomes. In the end, we will examine the spatiotemporal activity of signaling centers tightly regulating the release of signals inducing the formation of craniofacial skeletal elements. The existence of these centers and their regulation by enhancers represent one of the core morphogenetic mechanisms and might lay the foundations for intra- and inter-species facial variability.