Quantum lattice algorithms: similarities and connections to some classic finite difference algorithms

Quantum lattice algorithms: similarities and connections to some classic finite difference algorithms
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量子点阵算法:与一些经典有限差分算法的相似性和联系

DOI:
10.1051/proc/201552005
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Proceedings and Surveys
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dellar P
Dellar P
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dellar P

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量子晶格算法起源于一维狄拉克方程的费曼棋盘模型。它们提供了量子力学的离散模型,其中表示离散空间晶格上的波函数值的复数通过离散幺正运算演化。本文汇集了一些相同的,或至少是统一的等价算法,这些算法出现在三个基本上不相关的研究领域。作为传统的数值算法,它们都是只有一阶精度下的离散空间/时间网格的细化,但可以提高到二阶的一个单一的变化的变量。更有效的实现方式来自于用短路径积分公式代替通过一系列单一中间步骤的演化,该公式将最近时间水平上的每个空间点处的波函数表示为紧接在前的时间水平和相邻空间点处的值的线性组合。在一个维度上,一个特别优雅的重新表述用三个时间水平上的单个变量替换了两个时间水平上的两个变量。由此产生的算法是一个变分积分所产生的离散作用原理,并符合Ablowitz-Kruskal-Ladik有限差分格式的克莱因-戈登方程。
Quantum lattice algorithms originated with the Feynman checkerboard model for the one-dimensional Dirac equation. They offer discrete models of quantum mechanics in which the complex numbers representing wavefunction values on a discrete spatial lattice evolve through discrete unitary operations. This paper draws together some of the identical, or at least unitarily equivalent, algorithms that have appeared in three largely disconnected strands of research. Treated as conventional numerical algorithms, they are all only first order accurate under refinement of the discrete space/time grid, but may be raised to second order by a unitary change of variables. Much more efficient implementations arise from replacing the evolution through a sequence of unitary intermediate steps with a short path integral formulation that expresses the wavefunction at each spatial point on the most recent time level as a linear combination of values at immediately preceding time levels and neighbouring spatial points. In one dimension, a particularly elegant reformulation replaces two variables at two time levels with a single variable over three time levels. The resulting algorithm is a variational integrator arising from a discrete action principle, and coincides with the Ablowitz–Kruskal–Ladik finite difference scheme for the Klein–Gordon equation.
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