Ethnic differences in achievement of developmental milestones by 9 months of age: the Millennium Cohort Study
Ethnic differences in achievement of developmental milestones by 9 months of age: the Millennium Cohort Study
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DOI：
10.1017/s0012162206001770
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Nazroo, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelly, Yvonne;Sacker, Amanda;Nazroo, James
本文探讨了在婴儿期实现发展里程碑的种族差异，并对观察到的差异的可能解释进行了调查。对来自千禧队列研究第一次调查的数据（n=15 994，男性8212人，女性7782人，平均年龄9.2个月[SD 0.5]）进行检查。我们发现加勒比黑人（优势比[OR] = 0.23, 95%可信区间[CI] = 0.11-0.48）、非洲黑人（OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.55）和印度裔（OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33-0.93）婴儿在调整一系列解释变量后，与白人婴儿相比，更不可能出现大肌肉运动里程碑延迟。巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的婴儿更有可能出现精细运动发育迟缓（分别为1.69,95% CI 1.21-2.35和2.17,95% CI 1.17-4.02）和交流手势（分别为4.19,95% CI 1.47-11.94和7.64,95% CI 3.96-14.76），但这些差异可以用社会经济因素和文化传统的标志来解释。总之，无法解释的种族差异在大肌肉运动里程碑的实现上是可见的，印度、加勒比黑人和非洲黑人儿童不太可能延迟（在调整模型中）。考虑到社会经济因素，巴基斯坦和孟加拉国婴儿精细运动和交流手势延迟的可能性增加，这表明需要解决这些群体中的剥夺问题，以减少发育延迟的可能性，以及可能出现的长期行为和认知问题以及随之而来的终身机会。
This paper examines ethnic differences in the attainment of developmental milestones during infancy and possible explanations for observed differences are investigated. Data from the first survey of the Millennium Cohort Study (n=15 994; 8212 males, 7782 females; mean age 9.2mo [SD 0.5]) were examined. We found that Black Caribbean (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11-0.48), Black African (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.55), and Indian (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33-0.93) infants were less likely to show delay in the attainment of gross motor milestones compared with White infants after adjustment for a range of explanatory variables. Pakistani and Bangladeshi infants were more likely to have delays in fine motor development (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.21-2.35 and OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.17-4.02 respectively) and communicative gestures (OR 4.19, 95% CI 1.47-11.94 and OR 7.64, 95% CI 3.96-14.76 respectively), but these differences were explained by socioeconomic factors and markers of cultural tradition. In conclusion, unexplained ethnic differences were seen in the attainment of gross motor milestones, with Indian, Black Caribbean, and Black African children less likely to be delayed (in adjusted models). Increased likelihood of fine motor and communicative gesture delays among Pakistani and Bangladeshi infants, that disappear when socioeconomic factors are taken into account, point to the need to address deprivation among these groups to reduce the likelihood of developmental delay and possible longer term behavioural and cognitive problems and consequent opportunities throughout life.