Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and non-smokers
Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and non-smokers
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DOI：
10.1007/pl00005491
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Mitchell, SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitchell, SH
理由：吸毒者被认为比非吸毒者更“冲动”。目的：本研究使用性格和行为冲动性测量方法来检验经常吸烟者是否比从不吸烟者更冲动。方法：20名经常吸烟者（大于或等于15支/天）和20名从不吸烟者。参与者完成了五个人格问卷来评估冲动：形容词检查表，Barratt冲动量表，三维人格问卷，艾森克人格问卷和感觉寻求量表。参与者还进行了三项旨在评估冲动性的行为选择任务。在延迟任务中，参与者在小的，立即的和大的，延迟的金钱奖励之间做出选择。冲动性被定义为对小的、直接的选择的相对偏好。在概率任务中，参与者在小的、确定的和大的、不确定的金钱奖励之间做出选择。冲动性被定义为对大但风险更大的选择的相对偏好。在工作任务中，参与者在通过执行微不足道的工作量获得的小额金钱奖励和需要更多工作的大量金钱之间进行选择。冲动性被定义为对更小、更容易的选择的相对偏好。结果：在人格问卷上，吸烟者在大多数量表上的冲动性得分都较高。在行为选择任务中，吸烟者更频繁地选择小额的，即时的钱，而不是大额的，延迟的钱，这意味着更高水平的冲动。在其他任务上，两组的选择没有差异。问卷和任务数据之间的相关性很小，每个任务的数据之间的相关性。结论：总之，这些结果表明吸烟者比从不吸烟者更冲动。
Rationale: Drug users are thought to be more "impulsive" than non-users. Objectives: This study examined whether regular smokers are more impulsive than never smokers using personality and behavioral measures of impulsivity. Methods: Twenty regular smokers (greater than or equal to 15 cigarettes/day) and 20 never smokers were recruited. Participants completed five personality questionnaires to assess impulsivity: Adjective Checklist, Barratt's Impulsivity Scale, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire, and the Sensation-Seeking Scale. Participants also performed three behavioral choice tasks designed to assess impulsivity. In the delay task, participants chose between small, immediate and large, delayed monetary rewards. Impulsivity was defined as a relative preference for the small, immediate alternative. In the probability task, participants chose between small, certain and large, uncertain monetary rewards. Impulsivity was defined as a relative preference for the large but more risky alternative. In the work task, participants chose between small monetary rewards obtained by performing a negligible amount of work and a larger amount of money requiring more work. Impulsivity was defined as a relative preference for the smaller, easier alternative. Results: On the personality questionnaires, smokers had statistically higher impulsivity scores on most scales. On the behavioral choice tasks, smokers chose small, immediate money over large, delayed money more frequently, signifying greater levels of impulsivity. There were no differences between the groups' choices on the other tasks. Correlations between questionnaire and task data were small, as were correlations between data from each task. Conclusions: Together, these results indicate that the smokers were more impulsive than never smokers.