Maternal effects on offspring size in a natural population of the viviparous tsetse fly
Maternal effects on offspring size in a natural population of the viviparous tsetse fly
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DOI：
10.1111/een.12333
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Hargrove, John W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
English, Sinead;Cowen, Honor;Hargrove, John W.
1.理论预测，母亲应该根据当前储备和未来的生殖机会来适应性地调整生殖投资。内在状态较好或拥有较多资源的女性，应该比资源较少的女性在当前的再生产中投入更多。在整个生命周期中，投资可能会随着未来生殖机会的减少而增加，但也可能随着内在状态的减少而减少。在许多物种中，较大的母亲产生较大的后代，但对于为什么会这样，没有理论共识。这种模式可能是由母亲的营养状况等变化所驱动的，但很少有研究同时测量体型和营养状况，或者试图区分体型和年龄的混杂影响。胎生采采蝇（Glossina物种）提供了一个很好的系统来探索生殖投资的模式：雌性在其相对较长的生命过程中连续产生大的，单一的后代。因此，每窝繁殖努力可以量化的后代大小。虽然大多数采采蝇繁殖研究都是在实验室殖民地进行的，但本研究使用独特的实地方法调查了母体投资，在这种方法中，母亲在存放幼虫时被收集，允许在自然条件下同时测量母亲和后代。研究发现，体型较大的母亲和脂肪含量较高的母亲生育的后代较大，年龄较大的母亲生育的后代有稍大的趋势。目前的研究结果强调了衡量母亲的营养状况，而不是大小单独考虑时，母亲对后代的投资的重要性。了解病媒种群动态的影响也进行了讨论。
1. Theory predicts that mothers should adaptively adjust reproductive investment depending on current reserves and future reproductive opportunities. Females in better intrinsic state, or with more resources, should invest more in current reproduction than those with fewer resources. Across the lifespan, investment may increase as future reproductive opportunities decline, yet may also decline with reductions in intrinsic state.2. Across many species, larger mothers produce larger offspring, but there is no theoretical consensus on why this is so. This pattern may be driven by variation in maternal state such as nutrition, yet few studies measure both size and nutritional state or attempt to tease apart confounding effects of size and age.3. Viviparous tsetse flies (Glossina species) offer an excellent system to explore patterns of reproductive investment: females produce large, single offspring sequentially over the course of their relatively long life. Thus, per-brood reproductive effort can be quantified by offspring size.4. While most tsetse reproduction research has been conducted on laboratory colonies, maternal investment was investigated in this study using a unique field method where mothers were collected as they deposited larvae, allowing simultaneous mother-offspring measurements under natural conditions.5. It was found that larger mothers and those with a higher fat content produced larger offspring, and there was a trend for older mothers to produce slightly larger offspring.6. The present results highlight the importance of measuring maternal nutritional state, rather than size alone, when considering maternal investment in offspring. Implications for understanding vector population dynamics are also discussed.