Anatomy of Environmental Racism and the Environmental Justice Movement
Anatomy of Environmental Racism and the Environmental Justice Movement
复制标题
环境种族主义和环境正义运动的剖析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bullard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Robert;D.;Bullard
社区并非人人生而平等。例如，在美国，一些社区经常受到毒害，而政府却视而不见。环境法规并没有使社会各阶层都受益。有色人种（非裔美国人、拉丁美洲人、亚洲人、太平洋岛民和美洲原住民）在工作和社区中受到工业毒素的伤害不成比例。这些团体必须与肮脏的空气和饮用水作斗争，这些都是城市垃圾填埋场、焚化炉、污染工业、危险废物处理、储存和处置设施的副产品。为什么有些社区被“抛弃”，而另一些社区却逃脱了？为什么环境法规在一些社区得到了有力的执行，而在另一些社区却没有？为什么有些工人的健康受到环境威胁的保护，而其他人（如农民工）仍然受到毒害？如何将环境正义纳入环境保护运动？什么样的制度变革才能使美国成为一个公正和可持续的社会？什么样的社区组织策略能有效地对抗环境种族主义？这是本书中所讨论的许多问题中的一些。本章概述了有色人种社区面临的基本环境问题，讨论了主流环境运动如何没有提供足够的组织基础、分析、愿景或战略来解决这些问题，最后，提供了基层环境正义运动中几个有代表性的斗争的一瞥。为此目的，分析的核心是种族主义的普遍存在。
Communities are not all created equal. In the United States, for example, some communities are routinely poisoned while the govern¬ ment looks the other way. Environmental regulations have not uni¬ formly benefited all segments of society. People of color (African Americans, Latinos, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans) are disproportionately harmed by industrial toxins on their jobs and in their neighborhoods. These groups must contend with dirty air and drinking water—the byproducts of municipal landfills, incinerators, polluting industries, and hazardous waste treatment, storage, and dis¬ posal facilities. Why do some communities get “dumped on” while others escape? Why are environmental regulations vigorously enforced in some com¬ munities and not in others? Why are some workers protected from environmental threats to their health while others (such as migrant farmworkers) are still being poisoned? How can environmental justice be incorporated into the campaign for environmental protection? What institutional changes would enable the United States to become a just and sustainable society? What community organizing strategies are effective against environmental racism? These are some of the many questions addressed in this book. This chapter sketches out the basic environmental problems com¬ munities of color face, discusses how the mainstream environmental movement does not provide an adequate organizational base, analysis, vision, or strategy to address these problems, and, finally, provides a glimpse of several representative struggles within the grassroots envi¬ ronmental justice movement. For these purposes, the pervasive reality of racism is placed at the very center of the analysis.