Testing the benefits of conservation set-asides for improved habitat connectivity in tropical agricultural landscapes.
Testing the benefits of conservation set-asides for improved habitat connectivity in tropical agricultural landscapes.
复制标题
测试保护预留对改善热带农业景观栖息地连通性的好处。
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13472
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Scriven SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scriven SA
栖息地连通性对于热带生物多样性保护非常重要。扩大商品作物，如油棕，碎片自然栖息地，和战略，需要改善农业景观的栖息地连接。可持续棕榈油圆桌会议（RSPO）自愿认证系统要求种植者在油棕榈种植园被认证为可持续之前，识别和保护被确定为高保护价值区域（HCVA）的森林斑块。我们评估了这些保护区对森林连通性的潜在好处。我们绘制了HCVA地图，并在2015年量化了其森林覆盖率。为了评估它们对森林连通性的贡献，我们模拟了婆罗洲70个种植园景观中依赖森林的种群的范围扩展，这些种群具有五种传播能力，从代表差的传播者（例如不会飞的昆虫）到更具移动的物种（例如大型鸟类或蝙蝠）。由于2015年HCVA地区只有21%的森林覆盖，这些保护设置目前提供的连通性好处很少。与HCVA不包含森林的场景（即无RSPO场景）相比，当前的HCVA在所有分散能力上将连接性提高了约3%。然而，如果HCVA完全重新造林，那么整体景观连通性可以提高约16%。HCVAs的重新造林对贫穷到中等散布者有最大的好处（每代0.5-3公里），产生的景观比没有HCVAs的景观连接得好2.7倍。相比之下，HCVA的连接效益低，高度移动的人口在当前和重新造林的情况下，因为这些人口的范围扩展通常是成功的，无论森林覆盖量。可持续棕榈油圆桌会议（RSPO）要求留出高保护价值区（HCVA）以保护生物多样性，但HCVA目前提供的连通性好处很少，因为它们包含的森林相对较少。然而，重新造林的HCVAs有可能改善某些森林物种（如有翅昆虫）的景观连通性，我们建议种植园公司积极管理，以提高退化HCVAs的森林质量（如通过富集种植）。未来对《区域保护物种组织原则和标准》的修订还应确保大型（即核心面积>2平方公里）的重金属脆弱性保护区重新连接到连续的森林地带，以最大限度地发挥其连接效益。
Habitat connectivity is important for tropical biodiversity conservation. Expansion of commodity crops, such as oil palm, fragments natural habitat areas, and strategies are needed to improve habitat connectivity in agricultural landscapes. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) voluntary certification system requires that growers identify and conserve forest patches identified as High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs) before oil palm plantations can be certified as sustainable. We assessed the potential benefits of these conservation set‐asides for forest connectivity.We mapped HCVAs and quantified their forest cover in 2015. To assess their contribution to forest connectivity, we modelled range expansion of forest‐dependent populations with five dispersal abilities spanning those representative of poor dispersers (e.g. flightless insects) to more mobile species (e.g. large birds or bats) across 70 plantation landscapes in Borneo.Because only 21% of HCVA area was forested in 2015, these conservation set‐asides currently provide few connectivity benefits. Compared to a scenario where HCVAs contain no forest (i.e. a no‐RSPO scenario), current HCVAs improved connectivity by ~3% across all dispersal abilities. However, if HCVAs were fully reforested, then overall landscape connectivity could improve by ~16%. Reforestation of HCVAs had the greatest benefit for poor to intermediate dispersers (0.5–3 km per generation), generating landscapes that were up to 2.7 times better connected than landscapes without HCVAs. By contrast, connectivity benefits of HCVAs were low for highly mobile populations under current and reforestation scenarios, because range expansion of these populations was generally successful regardless of the amount of forest cover.Synthesis and applications. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) requires that High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs) be set aside to conserve biodiversity, but HCVAs currently provide few connectivity benefits because they contain relatively little forest. However, reforested HCVAs have the potential to improve landscape connectivity for some forest species (e.g. winged insects), and we recommend active management by plantation companies to improve forest quality of degraded HCVAs (e.g. by enrichment planting). Future revisions to the RSPO's Principles and Criteria should also ensure that large (i.e. with a core area >2 km2) HCVAs are reconnected to continuous tracts of forest to maximize their connectivity benefits.