The accuracy of Fastloc-GPS locations and implications for animal tracking
The accuracy of Fastloc-GPS locations and implications for animal tracking
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DOI：
10.1111/2041-210x.12286
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Hays, Graeme C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dujon, Antoine M.;Lindstrom, R. Todd;Hays, Graeme C.
1. 近年来，随着 Fastloc-GPS 的出现，海洋动物追踪领域取得了重大突破，即使对于海龟、海洋哺乳动物和企鹅等仅短暂浮出水面的动物也能提供高精度的位置数据。我们使用标签的固定试验评估了 Fastloc-GPS 位置的准确性，其中获得了超过 45000 个位置。通过模拟轨迹然后添加 Fastloc-GPS 定位误差来开发确定行进速度和航向的程序。通过使用绿海龟 (Chelonia mydas, Linnaeus, 1758) 穿越印度洋 3000 多公里的经验 Fastloc-GPS 数据，说明了速度和航向估计可实现的详细程度。 Fastloc-GPS 位置的精度随着位置计算中使用的 GPS 卫星数量的变化而变化。例如，当使用 4 颗 GPS 卫星计算 Fastloc-GPS 位置时，50% 的位置位于真实位置的 36m 范围内，95% 的位置位于真实位置的 724m 范围内。当使用 6 颗卫星时，这些值分别提高到 18 和 70 m。模拟表明，对于移动速度约为 25 公里/小时(-1) 的动物（例如海龟、企鹅和海豹），根据位置计算中使用的卫星数量，通常可以在相隔 1-6 小时的位置获得稳健的速度和航向估计。 Fastloc-GPS 的精度比传统的 Argos 跟踪或基于光的地理定位要好几个数量级，因此将能够对海洋动物的小规模运动模式产生新的见解。
1.Over recent years, a major breakthrough in marine animal tracking has occurred with the advent of Fastloc-GPS that provides highly accurate location data even for animals that only surface briefly such as sea turtles, marine mammals and penguins. We assessed the accuracy of Fastloc-GPS locations using fixed trials of tags in which >45000 locations were obtained. Procedures for determining the speed of travel and heading were developed by simulating tracks and then adding Fastloc-GPS location errors. The levels of detail achievable for speed and heading estimates were illustrated by using empirical Fastloc-GPS data for a green turtle (Chelonia mydas, Linnaeus, 1758) travelling over 3000km across the Indian Ocean. The accuracy of Fastloc-GPS locations varied as a function of the number of GPS satellites used in the location calculation. For example, when Fastloc-GPS locations were calculated using 4 GPS satellites, 50% of locations were within 36m and 95% within 724m of the true position. These values improved to 18 and 70m, respectively, when 6 satellites were used. Simulations indicated that for animals travelling around 25kmh(-1) (e.g. turtles, penguins and seals) and depending on the number of satellites used in the location calculation, robust speed and heading estimates would usually be obtained for locations only 1-6h apart. Fastloc-GPS accuracy is several orders of magnitude better that conventional Argos tracking or light-based geolocation and consequently will allow new insights into small-scale movement patterns of marine animals.