Health effects of the 2003 Southern California wildfires on children
Health effects of the 2003 Southern California wildfires on children
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DOI：
10.1164/rccm.200604-519oc
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Peters, John M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kunzli, Nino;Avol, Ed;Peters, John M.
基本原理：2003年10月下旬，南加州的野火燃烧面积超过3000平方千米。野火产生的浓烟影响了参与南加州大学儿童健康研究（CHS）的多个社区。
目的：研究火灾烟雾对CHS参与者健康的急性影响。
方法：在总共16个社区中，使用问卷调查评估CHS高中生（n = 873；年龄，17 - 18岁）和小学生（n = 5551；年龄，6 - 7岁）的烟雾暴露情况和症状发生情况。利用火灾活动最剧烈的5天期间的颗粒物（PM10）浓度估算值来描述社区烟雾水平。
主要结果：所有症状（鼻子、眼睛和喉咙刺激；咳嗽；支气管炎；感冒；喘息；哮喘发作）、药物使用以及就医情况都与社区内个体报告的暴露差异有关。风险随着报告的烟雾天数增加而单调递增。对于大多数结果，社区之间的报告率也与火灾相关的PM10水平有关。在无哮喘的人群中，这种关联往往最强。哮喘患者更有可能采取预防措施，比如在火灾期间戴口罩或待在室内。
结论：暴露于野火烟雾与眼睛和呼吸道症状增加、药物使用以及就医情况相关。
Rationale: In late October 2003, Southern California wildfires burned more than 3,000 km(2). The wildfires produced heavy smoke that affected several communities participating in the University of Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS).Objectives: To study the acute effects of fire smoke on the health of CHS participants.Methods: A questionnaire was used to assess smoke exposure and occurrence of symptoms among CHS high-school students (n = 873; age, 17-18 yr) and elementary-school children (n = 5,551; age, 6-7 yr), in a total of 16 communities. Estimates of particulate matter (PM10) concentrations during the 5 d with the highest fire activity were used to characterize community smoke level.Main Results: All symptoms (nose, eyes, and throat irritations; cough; bronchitis; cold; wheezing; asthma attacks), medication usage, and physician visits were associated with individually reported exposure differences within communities. Risks increased monotonically with the number of reported smoky days. For most outcomes, reporting rates between communities were also associated with the fire-related PM10 levels. Associations tended to be strongest among those without asthma. Individuals with asthma were more likely to take preventive action, such as wearing masks or staying indoors during the fire.Conclusions: Exposure to wildfire smoke was associated with increased eye and respiratory symptoms, medication use, and physician visits.