Exosomes: Nanocarriers of Biological Messages
Exosomes: Nanocarriers of Biological Messages
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_2
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alessandro, Riccardo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Conigliaro, Alice;Fontana, Simona;Alessandro, Riccardo
细胞间的通讯是维持多细胞生物体内环境平衡的关键。细胞之间通过直接接触或释放因子相互交流，这些因子可溶解或包装在膜泡中，可到达有机体的不同区域。到目前为止，大量的研究强调了几种类型的细胞外小泡的存在，这些小泡的大小、来源和内容不同，在生理和/或病理过程中发挥作用。在细胞外小泡中，外切体是调节靶细胞表型的有效参与者，也是多种疾病的新的非侵入性诊断和预后工具。事实上，它们严格反映了生产细胞的类型和功能状态，即使在很长的距离内也能够运送内容。过去二十年积累并在本章收集的结果表明，外体可以携带RNA、microRNAs、长非编码RNA、DNA、脂类、代谢物和蛋白质；因此，需要更深入地了解它们的内容，才能最大限度地利用这种令人难以置信的细胞产品。
Cell-cell communication is crucial to maintain homeostasis in multicellular organism. Cells communicate each other by direct contact or by releasing factors that, soluble or packaged in membrane vesicles, can reach different regions of the organism. To date numerous studies highlighted the existence of several types of extracellular vesicles that, differing for dimension, origin and contents, play a role in physiological and/or pathological processes. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes are emerging as efficient players to modulate target cells phenotype and as new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools in multiple diseases. They, in fact, strictly reflect the type and functional status of the producing cells and are able to deliver their contents even over a long distance. The results accumulated in the last two decades and collected in this chapter, indicated that exosomes, can carry RNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, DNA, lipids, metabolites and proteins; a deeper understanding of their contents is therefore needed to get the most from this incredible cell product.