The influence of long-term chromatic adaptation on pigment cells and striped pigment patterns in the skin of the zebrafish, Danio rerio.
The influence of long-term chromatic adaptation on pigment cells and striped pigment patterns in the skin of the zebrafish, Danio rerio.
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.a.177
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发表时间：
2005-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Sugimoto;Mihoko Yuki;Teruki Miyakoshi;Koichiro Maruko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Sugimoto;Mihoko Yuki;Teruki Miyakoshi;Koichiro Maruko
斑马鱼两侧的条纹色素图案来自真皮或皮下深处的色素团，而与真皮鳞片相关的浅层黑色素团则为背部的颜色增添了深色。在斑马鱼长期适应白色和黑色背景的过程中，比较了这些色素体的反应。在皮肤表层，黑素团、黄素团和两种虹膜团沿背腹轴呈梯度分布，与皮下色素模式无关。在一周内，浅表黑色素细胞和虹膜细胞的密度和/或分布区域发生了变化，以背部皮肤的颜色和侧面的色调为背景，但不影响条纹图案。浅表黑色素细胞的增加或减少被认为分别由细胞凋亡或分化引起。当适应期延长几个月以上时，条纹的颜色图案也受到黑色条纹宽度变化的影响。在一年的时间里，一些黑色条纹消失了，条纹间的区域用黄色强调。这种色素模式的长期改变是由黑色素细胞分布的减少和伴随的皮下黄素细胞的增加引起的。这些结果表明，表面色素细胞的形态反应有助于背部皮肤有效和快速的背景适应，而长期的适应也会影响侧面皮下色素细胞，从而改变条纹色素模式。
The striped pigment patterns in the flanks of zebrafish result from chromatophores deep within the dermis or hypodermis, while superficial melanophores associated with dermal scales add a dark tint to the dorsal coloration. The responses of these chromatophores were compared during the long-term adaptation of zebrafish to a white or a black background. In superficial skin, melanophores, xanthophores, and two types of iridophores are distributed in a gradient along the dorso-ventral axis independent of the hypodermal pigment patterns. Within one week the superficial melanophores and iridophores changed their density and/or areas of distribution, which adopted the dorsal skin color and the hue of the flank to the background, but did not affect the striped pattern. The increases or decreases in superficial melanophores are thought to be caused by apoptosis or by differentiation, respectively. When the adaptation period was prolonged for more than several months, the striped color pattern was also affected by changes in the width of the black stripes. Some black stripes disappeared and interstripe areas were emphasized with a yellow color within one year on a white background. Such long-term alteration in the pigment pattern was caused by a decrease in the distribution of melanophores and a concomitant increase in xanthophores in the hypodermis. These results indicate that morphological responses of superficial chromatophores contribute to the effective and rapid background adaptation of dorsal skin and while prolonged adaptation also affects hypodermal chromatophores in the flank to alter the striped pigment patterns.