Interactions Among Learning Stage, Retention, and Primary Motor Cortex Excitability in Motor Skill Learning
Interactions Among Learning Stage, Retention, and Primary Motor Cortex Excitability in Motor Skill Learning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brs.2015.07.025
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Funase, Kozo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirano, Masato;Kubota, Shinji;Funase, Kozo
背景：之前的研究表明，初级运动皮层（M1）的兴奋性受到运动技能学习的调节，并且 M1 在运动记忆中起着至关重要的作用。然而，仍然存在以下问题：1）M1兴奋性的变化发生在什么阶段？ 2) 学习引起的腿部 M1 兴奋性变化是否与运动记忆相关？在这里，我们做了两个实验来回答这些问题。 方法和结果：在实验1中，受试者连续两天学习了视觉运动跟踪任务。在第一天的任务之前和之后，我们记录了经颅磁刺激在胫骨前肌中产生的运动诱发电位的输入输出曲线（I-O曲线）。我们发现M1兴奋性的变化受到学习阶段的影响。此外，第 1 天 M1 兴奋性的变化与保留相关。在实验2中，我们记录了学习前、快速学习阶段后和学习后的I-O曲线。我们发现快速学习阶段后 M1 兴奋性没有变化。此外，检测到慢学习阶段的长度与M1兴奋性的变化之间存在显着关系。结论：先前的研究表明，在慢学习阶段会重复使用最佳运动命令。因此，目前的结果表明，M1 兴奋性的变化发生在慢速学习阶段，并且这种变化与运动技能保留成正比，因为在慢速学习阶段重复使用相同的运动命令会产生依赖于使用的可塑性。 (C) 2015 年作者。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。这是一篇遵循 CC BY-NC-ND 许可证 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 的开放获取文章。
Background: Previous studies have shown that primary motor cortex (M1) excitability is modulated by motor skill learning and that the M1 plays a crucial role in motor memory. However, the following questions remain: 1) At what stage do changes in M1 excitability occur? 2) Are learning-induced changes in leg M1 excitability associated with motor memory? Here, we did two experiments to answer these questions.Methods and results: In experiment 1, subjects learned a visuomotor tracking task over two consecutive days. Before and after the task in Day 1, we recorded input-output curves of the motor evoked potentials (I-O curve) produced in the tibialis anterior muscle by transcranial magnetic stimulation. We found that the changes in M1 excitability were affected by learning stage. In addition, the changes in M1 excitability in Day 1 were correlated with the retention. In experiment 2, we recorded I-O curves before learning, after the fast-learning stage, and after learning. We found no changes in M1 excitability immediately after the fast-learning stage. Furthermore, a significant relationship between the length of slow-learning stage and the changes in M1 excitability was detected.Conclusions: Previous studies have suggested that optimal motor commands are repeatedly used during the slow-learning stage. Therefore, present results indicate that changes in M1 excitability occur during the slow-learning stage and that such changes are proportional to motor skill retention because use-dependent plasticity occur by repetitive use of same motor commands during the slow-learning stage. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).