Opinion: Genetic Conflict With Mobile Elements Drives Eukaryotic Genome Evolution, and Perhaps Also Eukaryogenesis
Opinion: Genetic Conflict With Mobile Elements Drives Eukaryotic Genome Evolution, and Perhaps Also Eukaryogenesis
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DOI：
10.1093/jhered/esaa060
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Katz, Laura A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collens, Adena B.;Katz, Laura A.
通过对不同微真核生物的分析，我们先前已经认为真核生物基因组是依赖于表观遗传机制来区分种系的动态系统（即，待遗传的DNA）来自索马（即，经历多倍化、基因组重排等的DNA），即使是在单个原子核的情况下。在这里，我们扩展了这些论点，包括两个有据可查的观察：（1）真核生物基因组经常与移动的遗传因子（MGE），如病毒和转座因子（TE）相互作用，产生遗传冲突，（2）表观遗传机制调节MGE。这些想法的综合导致了这样的假设，即与MGE的遗传冲突促成了最后一个真核生物共同祖先（LECA）中动态真核基因组的进化，并且可能促成了真核发生（即，可能是FECA进化的驱动力，FECA是第一个真核生物共同祖先）。性别（即，减数分裂）可能在LECA中生殖细胞-体细胞区别的发展背景下进化，因为该过程通过调节/消除体细胞（即，多倍体、重排）遗传物质。我们的综合这些想法扩大了真核生物起源的假设，通过整合MGE和表观遗传学的作用。
Through analyses of diverse microeukaryotes, we have previously argued that eukaryotic genomes are dynamic systems that rely on epigenetic mechanisms to distinguish germline (i.e., DNA to be inherited) from soma (i.e., DNA that undergoes polyploidization, genome rearrangement, etc.), even in the context of a single nucleus. Here, we extend these arguments by including two well-documented observations: (1) eukaryotic genomes interact frequently with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like viruses and transposable elements (TEs), creating genetic conflict, and (2) epigenetic mechanisms regulate MGEs. Synthesis of these ideas leads to the hypothesis that genetic conflict with MGEs contributed to the evolution of a dynamic eukaryotic genome in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), and may have contributed to eukaryogenesis (i.e., may have been a driver in the evolution of FECA, the first eukaryotic common ancestor). Sex (i.e., meiosis) may have evolved within the context of the development of germline-soma distinctions in LECA, as this process resets the germline genome by regulating/eliminating somatic (i.e., polyploid, rearranged) genetic material. Our synthesis of these ideas expands on hypotheses of the origin of eukaryotes by integrating the roles of MGEs and epigenetics.