The Crisis in Russian Agriculture at the End of the Nineteenth Century: A Different View
The Crisis in Russian Agriculture at the End of the Nineteenth Century: A Different View
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十九世纪末俄罗斯农业的危机：不同的观点
DOI：
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James Y. Simms
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James Y. Simms
俄罗斯历史上最重要和最普遍支持的解释之一是，19世纪末俄罗斯农业存在一场危机。在当代、苏联和西方的学术著作中，都可以找到关于这场危机或土地问题的讨论。诸如“农民的经济状况持续恶化”或“饥荒状况、流行病、死亡率增加、牲畜数量减少”等说法，…这是一个饱受饥荒的俄罗斯村庄日益贫困的奇观。事实上，“在许多观察俄罗斯农村状况的人看来，这个村庄日益严重的贫困似乎是如此明显，以至于不需要特别的示威。”本文的目的是考察用于支持危机解释的指标，并表明这种解释不仅是有争议的，而且可能是错误的。
One of the most important and most generally espoused interpretations in Russian history is the existence of a crisis in Russian agriculture toward the close of the nineteenth century. A discussion of this crisis or agrarian problem is found in contemporary, in Soviet, and in the Western scholarly works. Statements such as “the economic condition of the peasantry kept deteriorating,” or “famine conditions, epidemics, increased mortality, decrease in the number of livestock, … this is the spectacle of the growing destitution of a faminestricken Russian village,” are commonplace. In fact, “to numerous observers of Russian rural conditions, the growing destitution of the village seemed so evident that it required no special demonstration.” The purpose of this paper is to examine the indexes used to support the crisis interpretation, and to show that this interpretation is not only arguable, but probably fallacious.