Nitrogen mineralization, N2O production and soil microbiological properties as affected by long-term applications of sewage sludge composts
Nitrogen mineralization, N2O production and soil microbiological properties as affected by long-term applications of sewage sludge composts
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DOI：
10.1007/s00374-004-0746-2
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发表时间：
2004-04
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
M. Zaman;M. Matsushima;Scott X. Chang;K. Inubushi;L. Nguyen;S. Goto;F. Kaneko;Tadakatsu Yoneyama-Tadakatsu-Yo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Zaman;M. Matsushima;Scott X. Chang;K. Inubushi;L. Nguyen;S. Goto;F. Kaneko;Tadakatsu Yoneyama-Tadakatsu-Yo
通过田间试验，研究了长期施用污泥堆肥和化肥对土壤全N、全C、可溶性有机C、pH、EC、微生物生物量C和N、蛋白酶活性、脱氨酶活性、脲酶活性、氮素矿化和硝化的总速率和净速率、CO2释放和N2 O产生的影响。在日本东京大学进行的一项长期实验中，从五个深度（0-15、15-20、20-30、30-40和40-50厘米）采集了土壤样本。自1978年以来，有三个农田一直在接受与稻壳（RH）、锯末（SD）或混合化肥NPK（CF）堆肥的污水污泥，每公顷240 kg N，在夏季和秋季分次施用。堆肥中的总氮、总碳和可溶性有机碳的含量显著高于CF处理，达到40 cm土壤深度，表明前者的土壤质量有所改善。在CF处理，土壤pH值显着降低，电导率值显着高于堆肥处理土壤的50厘米深。由于刺激微生物活性的有机基质的可用性更高，堆肥中的土壤微生物量C和N、CO2释放量、蛋白酶、脱氨酶和脲酶活性显着高于CF处理。通过15 N稀释技术测定的总氮矿化率在SD和RH处理中分别比CF处理高8倍和5倍，这可能是由于高水平的微生物和酶活性。净氮矿化率也显着较高的堆肥处理和CF处理为负，表明固定。净硝化速率较高的堆肥处理和CF处理的负。从堆肥处理的氧化亚氮产量高于CF处理由于更高的矿化和硝化速率和可溶性有机C在前者的结果，矿物N的更大的可用性。大多数测量参数在表层土壤（0-15 cm）中最高，并且在SD处理中显著高于RH处理。
A field study was conducted to investigate the long-term effect of surface application of sewage sludge composts vs chemical N fertilizer on total N, total C, soluble organic C, pH, EC, microbial biomass C and N, protease activity, deaminase activity, urease activity, gross and net rates of N mineralization and nitrification, CO2evolution, and N2O production. Soil samples were taken from five depths (0–15, 15–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 cm) of a long-term experiment at the University of Tokyo, Japan. Three fields have been receiving sewage sludge composted with rice husk (RH), sawdust (SD), or mixed chemical fertilizer NPK (CF), applied at the rate of 240 kg N ha−1each in split applications in summer and autumn since 1978. Significantly higher amounts of total N and C and soluble organic C were found in the compost than in the CF treatments up to the 40-cm soil depth, indicating improved soil quality in the former. In the CF treatment, soil pH values were significantly lower and electrical conductivity values were significantly higher than those of compost-treated soils of up to 50 cm depth. Soil microbial biomass C and N, CO2evolution, protease, deaminase, and urease activities were significantly higher in the compost than in the CF treatments due to greater availability of organic substrates that stimulated microbial activity. Gross N mineralization rates determined by15N dilution technique were eight and five times higher in the SD and RH treatments than in the CF treatment, respectively, probably due to high levels of microbial and enzyme activities. Net N mineralization rates were also significantly higher in the compost treatments and were negative in the CF treatment indicating immobilization. Net nitrification rates were higher in compost treatments and negative in the CF treatment. Nitrous oxide productions from compost treatments were higher than the CF treatment due to the greater availability of mineral N as a result of higher mineralization and nitrification rates and soluble organic C in the former. Most of the measured parameters were highest in the surface soil (0–15 cm) and were significantly higher in the SD treatment than in the RH treatment.