Non-melanoma skin cancer
Non-melanoma skin cancer
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DOI：
10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-62
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Lear, John T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffin, Liezel L.;Ali, Faisal Rehman;Lear, John T.
非黑色素瘤皮肤癌 (NMSC) 包括基底细胞癌 (BCC) 和鳞状细胞癌，以及许多罕见肿瘤。 NMSC 是白种人中最常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病率每年持续上升。暴露于紫外线辐射会引发约 90% 的 NMSC，导致角质形成细胞恶性转化并抑制炎症反应。危险因素包括阳光照射和免疫抑制。尽管组织学重叠很常见，但基底细胞癌有多种亚型。手术传统上被认为是“黄金标准”治疗，具有出色的治愈率和美容效果。其他治疗方式包括物理破坏（放射疗法、刮除和烧灼以及冷冻疗法）、化学破坏（光动力疗法和局部5-氟尿嘧啶）和免疫调节疗法（局部咪喹莫特）。最近针对高风险 BCC 的新型刺猬通路抑制剂（包括口服 vismodegib 和 sonidegib）的开发可能代表了 NMSC 医疗管理的范式转变。
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma, together with a host of rare tumours. NMSC is the commonest malignancy among Caucasians and its incidence continues to rise annually. Exposure to UV radiation initiates approximately 90% of NMSC, causing malignant transformation of keratinocytes and suppression of the inflammatory response. Risk factors include sun exposure and immunosuppression. There are several subtypes of BCC, although histological overlap is common. Surgery has traditionally been regarded as the 'gold-standard' treatment, offering excellent cure rates and cosmetic results. Other treatment modalities include physical destruction (radiotherapy, curettage and cautery, and cryotherapy), chemical destruction (photodynamic therapy and topical 5-flurouracil) and immunomodulatory therapy (topical imiquimod). The recent development of novel hedgehog pathway inhibitors for high-risk BCC (including oral vismodegib and sonidegib) may represent a paradigm shift towards medical management of NMSC.