Target, distance, and valence: Unpacking the effects of normative feedback
Target, distance, and valence: Unpacking the effects of normative feedback
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DOI：
10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.10.003
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Vezich, I. Stephanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogard, Jonathan E.;Delmas, Magali A.;Vezich, I. Stephanie
人们不断地收到有关他们相对于他人的表现的信息。估计这些影响很复杂，因为正如我们所表明的，规范反馈包括几个维度：目标（例如，平均绩效与模范绩效者的参考组）、距离（例如，距离基准近或远）和效价（例如，比基准更好或更差）。在研究 1 中，我们随机分配家庭不接收任何反馈，或者将他们的能源消耗与其平均或最高效的邻居进行比较。与普通邻居相比，家庭用电量减少了 6%，但与高效邻居相比，家庭用电量增加了 4%。我们将这些影响分解为目标、距离和效价的单独影响。在研究 2 和 3a-c 中，我们随机分配规范反馈以隔离距离和效价的独立影响。此外，我们还发现了动机的中介作用的证据：反馈越令人沮丧，随后的表现就越差。
People constantly receive information about their performance relative to others. Estimating these effects is complicated because, as we show, normative feedback includes several dimensions: Target (e.g., a reference group of average versus exemplary performers), Distance (e.g., being near versus far from a benchmark), and Valence (e.g., being better or worse than the benchmark). In Study 1, we randomly assign households to receive no feedback or feedback comparing their energy consumption to either their average or most efficient neighbors. Households compared to average neighbors decreased electricity usage by 6%, but those compared to efficient neighbors increased consumption by 4%. We decompose these effects into the separate influences of Target, Distance, and Valence. In Studies 2 and 3a-c, we randomly assign normative feedback to isolate the independent effects of Distance and Valence. Additionally, we find evidence for the mediating effect of motivation: The more dispiriting the feedback, the worse the subsequent performance.