Impoliteness and identity in the American news media: The “Culture Wars”
Impoliteness and identity in the American news media: The “Culture Wars”
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美国新闻媒体中的不礼貌和身份认同：“文化战争”
DOI：
10.1515/jplr.2009.014
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Blitvich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Blitvich
摘要本文认为，身份理论可以成为一个有用的分析工具，为学者的关系工作（Locher和瓦茨，礼貌研究杂志1：9-13，2005年）。通过对美国当前新闻采访的分析，本文揭示了不礼貌与主持人、嘉宾和观众身份的建构之间的内在联系，以及新闻作为对抗的内在联系（Garcés-Conejos Blitvich，The“new”news in America：emergence of a genre，2007，International Review of Pragmatics，forthcoming）。不礼貌被定义为主人在自己的实践社区中定位自己的一种消极身份做法（Bucholtz，《社会中的语言》，28：203-223，1999年）。应用Anton和Peterson（Communication Studies，54：103-419，2003）的主语位置模型，提出了另一种定义，即当自我宣称的主语位置之间存在不匹配时，不礼貌-和对抗-可能随之而来。例如，我们暂时选择承担的立场，以及其他断言的主体立场，即。例如，别人强加给我们的立场。通过挑战我们自我主张的主体地位，与之相伴沿着的世界观也受到了质疑。不礼貌也被用来塑造其中一个派别的集体身份，在这里被确定为研究所包括的节目的目标观众，目前正在发动“文化战争”。这个比喻长期以来一直被用来声称美国内部的政治冲突是由于“传统”和“进步”价值观之间的冲突。
Abstract This paper argues that identity theory can be a useful analytical tool for the scholar of relational work (Locher and Watts, Journal of Politeness Research 1: 9–13, 2005). By focusing on current news interviews broadcast in the USA, it shows how impoliteness is inextricably linked to the (co)construction of the identity of the hosts, the guests and the audience of an emergent “new” news genre; news as confrontation (Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, The “new” news in America: emergence of a genre, 2007, International Review of Pragmatics, forthcoming). Impoliteness is defined as a negative identity practice (Bucholtz, Language in Society, 28: 203–223, 1999) used by the hosts to position themselves within their own community of practice. Applying Anton and Peterson's (Communication Studies, 54: 103–419, 2003) model of subject positions, an alternative definition is proposed that posits that impoliteness – and confrontation – may ensue when there is a mismatch between self asserted subject positions, i. e., the positions we temporarily choose to assume, and other asserted subject positions, i. e., the positions that others impose on us. By challenging our self asserted subject positions, the view of the world that comes along with them is questioned as well. Impoliteness is also used to forge the collective identity of one of the factions, here identified with the target audience of shows included in the study, currently waging the “Culture Wars”. This metaphor has long been used to claim that political conflict within the USA is due to a conflict between “traditional” and “progressive” values.