Site-resolved imaging of beryllium ion crystals in a high-optical-access Penning trap with inbore optomechanics.
Site-resolved imaging of beryllium ion crystals in a high-optical-access Penning trap with inbore optomechanics.
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具有孔内光力学的高光学接入潘宁阱中铍离子晶体的位点分辨成像。
DOI：
10.1063/1.5049506
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Biercuk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Ball;Christian D. Marciniak;Robert N. Wolf;Alex T.;Karsten Pyka;M. Biercuk
我们介绍了一个实验系统的设计、构造和表征，该实验系统能够支持在Penning陷阱中使用9Be+离子进行的数百个自旋量子比特的量子模拟实验。本文详细概述了核心光学和陷波子系统及其集成。我们首先描述一个分隔加载和实验区的双疏水器设计，以及相关的真空基础设施设计。实验区陷阱电极设计用于广角光学访问(例如，用于设计大型离子晶体之间的自旋-运动耦合的激光器)，同时提供谐波陷阱电位。我们描述了一种近零损耗的液态低温超导磁体，它用于捕获和建立离子自旋态的量子化场，并配备了一个二级遥控电机LN_2/L_He再冷凝器。使用核磁共振(核磁共振)探头的实验测量表明，在直径为7 mm的圆柱体体积上，均匀度为百万分之几，而脉冲管操作对测量的核磁共振线宽没有明显影响。接下来，我们描述了一种定制的内腔光学机械系统，该系统将紫外线(UV)激光传输到陷阱，并支持多个对准的光学物镜，以在实验陷阱区域进行俯视和侧视成像。我们描述了设计选择，包括使用非磁性测角器和用于精确对准的平移工作台。此外，光学机械系统集成了紫外线兼容的光纤，将系统的对准与远程光源分离。利用这个系统，我们展示了离子晶体的位置分辨图像，并展示了通过控制旋转壁电极和径向激光来实现平面和三维离子阵列的能力。展望未来的工作，我们包括干涉振动测量，展示了∼33 nm(∼117 nm)在轴(横向)方向的均方根陷阱运动；当在自由运行模式下操作磁体时，这两个值都可以降低。文章最后对实验装置的扩展、需要改进的地方和未来的实验研究进行了展望。
We present the design, construction, and characterization of an experimental system capable of supporting a broad class of quantum simulation experiments with hundreds of spin qubits using 9Be+ ions in a Penning trap. This article provides a detailed overview of the core optical and trapping subsystems and their integration. We begin with a description of a dual-trap design separating loading and experimental zones and associated vacuum infrastructure design. The experimental-zone trap electrodes are designed for wide-angle optical access (e.g., for lasers used to engineer spin-motional coupling across large ion crystals) while simultaneously providing a harmonic trapping potential. We describe a near-zero-loss liquid-cryogen-based superconducting magnet, employed in both trapping and establishing a quantization field for ion spin-states and equipped with a dual-stage remote-motor LN2/LHe recondenser. Experimental measurements using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe demonstrate part-per-million homogeneity over 7 mm-diameter cylindrical volume, with no discernible effect on the measured NMR linewidth from pulse-tube operation. Next, we describe a custom-engineered inbore optomechanical system which delivers ultraviolet (UV) laser light to the trap and supports multiple aligned optical objectives for topview and sideview imaging in the experimental trap region. We describe design choices including the use of nonmagnetic goniometers and translation stages for precision alignment. Furthermore, the optomechanical system integrates UV-compatible fiber optics which decouple the system's alignment from remote light sources. Using this system, we present site-resolved images of ion crystals and demonstrate the ability to realize both planar and three-dimensional ion arrays via control of rotating wall electrodes and radial laser beams. Looking to future work, we include interferometric vibration measurements demonstrating root-mean-square trap motion of ∼33 nm (∼117 nm) in the axial (transverse) direction; both values can be reduced when operating the magnet in free-running mode. The paper concludes with an outlook toward extensions of the experimental setup, areas for improvement, and future experimental studies.
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作者：
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