The Politics of Religious Pluralism in Indonesia: The Shi'a Response to the Sampang Incidents of 2011?12
The Politics of Religious Pluralism in Indonesia: The Shi'a Response to the Sampang Incidents of 2011?12
复制标题
印度尼西亚宗教多元化的政治：什叶派对 2011 年三邦事件的反应？12
DOI：
10.1017/trn.2019.12
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kayane Yuka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Miichi Ken;Kayane Yuka
自1998年印尼民主过渡以来，印尼发表了越来越多关于侵犯宗教少数群体的报告和研究。虽然有关不容忍的文献揭示了年轻的民主国家的体制问题，这些问题损害和侵蚀了少数人的权利，如直接选举和缺乏司法独立，但它留下了许多关键问题需要解决。尽管宗教不容忍行为的受害者人数有所增加，但在同样的体制环境中，许多宗教少数群体设法防止了暴力升级，避免成为不容忍团体的攻击目标。在一个几乎没有给他们提供保护的民主制度下，少数群体在什么情况下以及如何在对他们的紧张局势加剧的时候阻止攻击？这篇文章揭示了什叶派的情况，他们在东爪哇省马都拉的Sampang遭受了一系列袭击，但后来逐渐发展了韧性。2011年至2012年在三邦发生的一系列袭击事件是印度尼西亚针对宗教少数群体的最具破坏性的事件之一。本文通过对三邦事件的分析，认为如果宗教少数派能够与能够动员国家权力的多数派成员建立一个有凝聚力的网络，那么它将建立一个安全网，防止不宽容团体的攻击。因此，本文旨在发展我们对宗教少数群体如何应对敌对社会政治力量造成的暴力并适应印度尼西亚民主的理解。
An increasing number of reports and studies on offenses against religious minorities has been published in Indonesia since the country's democratic transition in 1998. While the literature on intolerance unveils the young democracy's institutional problems which have undermined and eroded minority rights, such as direct elections and the lack of judicial independence, it leaves many critical questions to address. Although the number of victims of religious intolerance increased, in the same institutional settings, a large number of religious minorities has managed to prevent escalating violence and avoid being targeted by intolerant groups. Under what circumstances and how do minorities deter attacks in a time of heightened tension against them under a democratic system that has afforded them little protection? This article sheds light on the case of the Shi'a who suffered a series of attacks in Sampang, Madura in the East Java province, but have since gradually developed resilience. A series of attacks in Sampang in 2011–12 was one of the most destructive events against religious minorities in Indonesia. Examining the Sampang incidents, this article argues that if the religious minority can develop a cohesive network with elements of the majority capable of mobilising state power, it would build a safety net preventing attacks by intolerant groups. Thus, this article aims to develop our understanding of how religious minorities address violence caused by hostile socio-political forces and adapt to Indonesia's democracy.