Mechanism of the Ti(III)-Catalyzed Acyloin-Type Umpolung: A Catalyst-Controlled Radical Reaction.

Mechanism of the Ti(III)-Catalyzed Acyloin-Type Umpolung: A Catalyst-Controlled Radical Reaction.
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Ti(III) 催化的偶姻型逆转的机制:催化剂控制的自由基反应

DOI:
10.1021/jacs.5b09223
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
D. A. Plattner
D. A. Plattner
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
J. Streuff;M. Feurer;G. Frey;A. Steffani;S. Kacprzak;J. Weweler;L. H. Leijendekker;D. Kratzert;D. A. Plattner

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钛(III)催化的酮和腈之间的交叉偶联提供了一种高效的立体选择性合成α-羟基酮的方法。结合EPR、ESI-MS、X-射线、原位红外动力学和密度泛函计算等方法对该反应进行了详细的机理研究。我们的发现表明,C-C键的形成是转位受限的,并且是由催化剂控制的涉及两个钛(III)物种的自由基结合而发生的。确定了反应的静止态为阳离子茂钛-丁腈络合物,并阐明了添加Et3N·HCl对产率和对映体选择性的有利影响:氯配位引发了自由基偶联。研究结果对理解钛(III)催化自由基反应有重要意义,对其他金属催化自由基反应也有一定的参考价值。我们的结论可能适用于以前提出的一些还原偶联反应的常规机理。
The titanium(III)-catalyzed cross-coupling between ketones and nitriles provides an efficient stereoselective synthesis of α-hydroxyketones. A detailed mechanistic investigation of this reaction is presented, which involves a combination of several methods such as EPR, ESI-MS, X-ray, in situ IR kinetics, and DFT calculations. Our findings reveal that C–C bond formation is turnover-limiting and occurs by a catalyst-controlled radical combination involving two titanium(III) species. The resting state is identified as a cationic titanocene-nitrile complex and the beneficial effect of added Et3N·HCl on yield and enantioselectivity is elucidated: chloride coordination initiates the radical coupling. The results are fundamental for the understanding of titanium(III)-catalysis and of relevance for other metal-catalyzed radical reactions. Our conclusions might apply to a number of reductive coupling reactions for which conventional mechanisms were proposed before.
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