Dressed photons from the viewpoint of photon localization: the entrance to the off-shell science
Dressed photons from the viewpoint of photon localization: the entrance to the off-shell science
复制标题
从光子局域化的角度看穿戴光子：通向壳外科学的入口
DOI：
10.1007/s00339-017-1345-z
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
and M. Ohtsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H.Saigo;I. Ojima;and M. Ohtsu
在本文中，一个新的方面的相互作用之间的物理参数和轻物质融合技术的概念，“有效质量”，从一个问题：谁看到了一个自由的光子？由于Newton-Wigner和Wightman的一般结果，对于具有非零有限自旋的无质量自由粒子，不存在位置算符，因此，我们不能在任何局部空间区域观察到自由光子。为了解决这个“光子局域化”的悖论，光子的有效质量需要通过光子与物质的耦合来产生。在这里，“极化激元”的图片作为一个基本概念，在光学和固体物理显示验证这一观点，这是被认为也适用于更一般的设置。聚焦于纳米粒子所扮演的角色，我们对作为离壳粒子的“修饰光子”的概念有了新的认识。上述观点表明，亚原子尺度上所谓基本粒子的量子场论的基本数学结构也可以应用于纳米尺度上的某些现象。
In the present paper, a new aspect of the interplay is examined between mathematical–physical arguments and light–matter fusion technologies in terms of the concept of “effective mass”, starting from a question: Who has seen a free photon? Owing to the general results due to Newton–Wigner and to Wightman, a position operator is absent for massless free particles with non-zero finite spins, and hence, we cannot observe free photons in any local space regions. To solve this paradox of “photon localization”, the effective mass of a photon needs to be generated through the couplings of photons with matter. Here “polaritons” picture as a basic notion in optical and solid physics is shown to verify this viewpoint, which is seen to apply also to more general settings . Focusing on the role played by nanoparticles, we reach a new look at the notion of “dressed photons” as off-shell particles. The perspective above shows that essential mathematical structure of quantum field theory for the so-called elementary particles in subatomic scale can also be applied to certain phenomena in the nano-scale.